| 摘要: | 本論文以文獻研究為基礎，配合田野調查及口述訪談，希冀透過上述之研究方法，完整呈現出五福宮之沿革歷史及其與地方社會之關係。五福宮所在之蘆竹鄉，由於南崁港的海運之便，成為桃園縣最早開發之處，明鄭軍隊自原鄉攜至臺灣的玄壇元帥香火，即為五福宮祭祀信仰的起源，亦促使五福宮成為桃園縣境內最早建立的廟宇。五福宮於清代，即形成南崁五大庄的祭祀圈，根據五福宮旁聖蹟亭的修建碑文及相關史料，可知除移墾漢人之外，當地平埔族亦參與五福宮的祭祀與修建活動；廟務的管理資料，則顯示地方菁英將五福宮作為建立其地方關係網絡的場域，皆表達出五福宮作為地方信仰中心的重要性。而五福宮的主祀神衹玄壇元帥趙公明，原為一瘟神，因時代背景的轉變，成為具除瘟剪疫、求財宜利等多元神職的神衹；其信仰在渡海來臺後，因拓墾初期信仰上的需求，被奉為武神、地方保護神，而現今又已多轉為單一神職的武財神形象。在地方開發的過程中，透過五福宮的信仰及祭祀活動，凝聚了祭祀圈內南崁五大庄居民的力量，而其廟宇建築與寺廟內的石雕、彩繪、交趾陶、楹聯等，是臺灣民間藝術與常民文化的表現。在時代的演進下，五福宮除了具備促進聚落形成、擔任地方公共空間等傳統的寺廟社會功能之外，更增加了提供鄉土教育素材、推展文化活動及公益事業的任務，使寺廟的功能較以往更為多元，也使五福宮與蘆竹鄉地方社會的關係更為密不可分。 In the hope of representing the history of Wufu Temple and its relations with the local society, the approach of this study is mainly literature research, combined with field research and narratives interview. Wufu temple is located in Luzhu Town, which was the first place to be developed in Taoyuan county because of the convenience of the Nankan Harbor. It is said that Zheng Chengon’s army carried an icon of the deity of Xuantan Marshal to Taiwan, which became the origin of worshiping Xuantan Marshal and Wufu Temple hence became the oldest temple in Taoyuan County. Since the Ching Dynasty, Wufu temple has become the worshiping center in Nankan Five Districts. According to the inscription of the Miracle Kiosks next to Wufu Temple and also some other related archives, we can know that besides the Chinese immigrators, the local Pingpu tribes also participated the worship, repair and constructing of Wufu Temple. The datum in the temple shows that the local elites regarded Wufu Temple as the place to connect their relations with other places, which suggests the significance of the Wufu Temple as a center of local religion. The principal god in Wufu Temple is Xuantan Marshal, Zhao Gong Ming. He was originally the god of plague, but as the time went by, he became the god who was in charge of many affairs, such as eliminating plague, praying for wealth…etc. When the religion settled in Taiwan, Xuantan Marshal changed to be god of war and also in charge of protecting the field because of the need when people reclaimed the land, and now he becomes the god of war and wealth. In the process of development, the worshiping activities of Wufu Temple congregated the spirit of the citizens in the five districts in Nankan. The architecture of this temple, the stone sculpture, decoration painting, colored pottery, and couplets are representatives of Taiwan folk art and culture. As the religion changes with time, Wufu Temple not only plays the traditional role of accelerating the development of communities, providing public places for local activities, but providing materials for heritage and culture education, promoting cultural activities and public welfare business. The temple now has a greater diversity of functions than before, and that makes Wufu Temple and Luzhu society thus closely linked and inseparable. |
