台灣地區近年來興建橋梁採用鋼橋日益增加，鋼橋常位於交通要道上，對於頻繁的交通所帶來之衝擊，橋面上鋼床鈑之鋪面必須相應地提供優良的效能，以延長鋪面之使用年限。然而，鋼床鈑鋪面目前在國內鮮少以力學理論對於其破壞行為之研究，因此本研究以此為出發點，以力學理論為基礎，利用有限元素程式ABAQUS軟體，在考慮高軸重高胎壓之重車載重下，進行不同載重位置搭配不同鋼床鈑鋪面材料組合之力學分析，以瞭解鋼床鈑鋪面破壞之原因並探討較適載重位置；接著進一步以力學-經驗準則進行鋼床鈑鋪面破壞程度之評估，藉此找出鋼床鈑鋪面可能之破壞模式以及破壞位置。 研究結果顯示，鋼床鈑鋪面單層與雙層不同載重位置造成之變化趨勢大致相同；當載重於鋼床鈑鋪面沿肋梁上方行進時，不論是單層或雙層皆可能造成最大之主應變值，其發生位置於胎印中心正下方；不論從張應變或壓應變角度來看，或者以不同載重位置造成之力學行為變化趨勢來看，對於材料配置原則本研究建議以鋼床鈑鋪面材料勁度較大者置於底層，次大者置於面層，為較佳材料配置原則。此外，比較雙軸雙輪與單軸雙輪之分析結果後，可發現雙軸雙輪其前後軸並不像傳統公路鋪面會互相影響應變場之大小，因此載重軸型之不同對於鋼床鈑鋪面結構影響不大；計算結果顯示鋼床鈑鋪面破壞模式大致上是由上至下之縱向開裂最先發生，即車轍相對於疲勞裂縫較晚發生，因此鋼床鈑鋪面破壞模式應是由疲勞裂縫控制。In recent years the construction of the steel bridges are getting more popular in Taiwan. The steel bridges are usually located on traffic artery. Hence, the pavement of the steel deck on the bridge must provide excellent efficiency to extend the service life of pavement for the traffic impact. This study utilized finite element method to analyze the mechanical response under the different load positions and various flexible pavement material combinations which heavy vehicle load with high axle load and high tire pressure were considered. And this study also used the Mechanics-Empirical guide to evaluate the extent of damage about the steel deck pavement and to identify failure mode and failure location. The results show that, for the steel deck, both one-course pavement and two-course pavement exhibit approximately the same trend under different load position. When the vehicle load moves along the rib on steel deck pavement, either one-course or two-course causes the maximum principal strain under the center of tire trace. The traditional pavement material configuration is not suitable for use in the steel deck pavement indeed, thus this study suggested that the pavement material which has greater stiffness should be placed in the bottom, and lower one should be placed in the top. When dual-tandem wheels are applied on the traditional pavement, the mechanical behavior for the front and rear axles significantly interact with each other. However, when dual-tandem wheels are applied on the steel deck pavement, the results show that, the mechanical behavior for the front and rear axles does not influence with each other. The failure mode of the steel deck pavement, according to the numerical results is observed to be the top-down fatigue cracking.
