| 摘要: | 由於近代汽車工業的發達，生產線技術的提升，使得近代汽車生產速度越來越快， 全球車輛數也是不斷地增加， 根據OICA(Organization International desConstructeurs d'Automobiles)的統計，21 世紀以來，全世界每年生產的汽車至少都有5000 萬輛以上，其中在2010 年以及2011 年更突破了7500 萬輛汽車被生產出來。隨著車輛數增加，也伴隨著許多交通問題產生，像是交通事故發生、交通壅塞等，這也成為各國政府棘手的問題。隨著電腦及通訊系統的進步， 各國致力於發展智慧性運輸系統(IntelligentTransportation Systems，簡稱ITS)，智慧性運輸系統結合了電子、通信、電腦、控制及感測等技術應用在各種運輸系統，透過即時資訊傳輸，以改進交通安全與服務的問題。車載網路(Vehicular Ad hoc networks，簡稱VANETs)是智慧性運輸系統中一項重要的技術，車載網路藉著安裝在車輛上的OBU(On Board Unit)和道路上的RSU(Road Side Unit)所建構成一個動態的網路拓撲，使車輛間得以互相溝通，如此一來便能藉著車載網路發展更多網路應用，如安全訊息傳播、氣象報告、即時車況回報等。面對交通安全問題上，不斷改善交通安全以提供所有用路人一個安全的道路環境而減少意外事故的發生是智慧型運輸系統的一個重要目標，根據中華民國交通部的97年到100 年交通事故肇事原因統計，駕駛人因素的比例高達96%，其中包括了酒駕失控、超速違規..等。本論文提出一防治危險駕駛的機制，道路上車輛利用車載網路彼此交換訊息，以判定出車輛違規情形，並給予車輛建議策略，以預防可能發生的危險情況。最後本論文利用模擬實驗的方式，將此機制施行前後所造成影響進行分析。在實施機制後碰撞次數可降低42.95%；於違反安全距離次數可以降低43.02%；於違反超速或低速情形可降低14.02%；於變換車道次數可降低42.71%；於違反頻繁變換車道次數可降低35.56%。使用防治危險駕駛的機制能夠有效降低車輛發生交通意外，維持道路交通安全。Since the development of automobile industry technology and production skills, theproduction rate of automobiles raises dramatically. Moreover, the number of vehiclescontinuously increases in the world. In 21th century, according to the OICA (OrganizationInternational des Constructeurs d'Automobiles) the number of new vehicles over 50 millionevery year. There are more over 75 million new vehicles produced in 2010 and 2011. Sincethe cars getting more and more, there are more and more traffic problems happened. Trafficaccidents and traffic congestion become many countries’ thorny problem.With the development of computer and communication technology, each country attendsto develop intelligent transportation systems (ITS), which combine electrics, communication,computer, control and sensor techniques to apply to many kinds of transportation system. ITScan improve the traffic safety and traffic service through the real-time informationtransportation. Vehicular Ad hoc network (VANETs) is one important technique of theintelligent transportation systems. Vehicular Ad hoc networks utilize the networks composedby OBU (On Board Unit) and RSU(Road Side Unit) to take communication between cars.Therefore, the Vehicular Ad hoc network skills could expand more networks applicationwhich likes safety message dissemination and weather forecasting and real-time situation ofvehicles. To improve the traffic safety and decrease the traffic accidents is the most importanttarget of Intelligent Transportation System. According to the statistics of “why traffic accidenthappen?” from Ministry of Transportation Communications from 2008 to 2011, we find outthat the driver is the critical reason; it takes account for the proportion 96 percentage. Driverfactors include speeding and drunk driving…etc.This paper proposes a prevention of dangerous driving scheme for on-road vehicle useVANET to exchange messages with each other to determine whether a vehicle dangerous andto give the vehicles suggested strategy to prevent possible dangerous situations. Finally, useNCTUns 6.0 simulator to simulate several experiments, before and after this mechanism forthe purposes of impact analysis. By the result of simulation, it improves 42.95% for collisions,it improves 43.02% for violation of safety distance, it improves 14.02% for violation of speedvariance, it improves 42.71% for the number of lane change and it improves 35.56% forviolation of lane change frequency. This scheme can reduce vehicle traffic accidents, andmaintain road traffic safety. |
