| 摘要: | 本計畫預計針對六朝時期，士人學習時一個重要的現象—「博學」進行探討。兩漢學者所讀多以經書為主，雖因師法、家法的限制；以及治學態度上訓詁舉大義與章句之學，而有專經與博通之別，但仍然很少溢出經書範圍。魏晉已降，士人學習風氣明顯有所改變，所習不再專以經書為限。如南朝官方因國學未立，另立四館以代之，除儒學外，尚有史學、玄學、文學與之並立。非官方系統，則更是學涉廣博，是以八書中常見以「博學」、「博聞」、「博物」作為讚譽士人的一項重要指標，可見這在當時已形成一種普遍風氣，而非特有案例。本計畫探索當時看重博學的學風是如何形成，預計由實際需求這一層面著手，分以下幾個方面：（一）政治上，不同政治勢力間使者往來，其人選標準為何？（二）社會文化上，當時因世家大族成形，導致地方意識抬頭，士人多會標榜各自鄉里以相陵高；由此而產生的地方志著作；以及當時禮俗，士人為免犯人家諱而重譜牒。（三）學術思想上，當時談玄、論議需引證宏富。（四）文學著作上，當時文學創作常用典故；以及志怪小說、史書的盛行。（五）當遇到某些奇特事物或記載，一般人無所知時，博學、博物之士，往往能藉此顯其才識。 ; This plan estimate in view of the the Six Dynasties time, the scholar studies when an important phenomenon - “learned” carries on the discussion. The Han Dynasty scholar reads mostly by the Confucian classics primarily. Since Wei-Jin, scholar study atmosphere to be obvious to change to some extent, reads the book no longer only take the Confucian classics as the limit. Because for example the Southern Dynasty official the national studies have not established, moreover establishes four halls to replace, besides Confucianism, but also has the history, the metaphysics, and the literature. Unofficial system, reads the book is vast, so eight book common with “learned”, “abundantly heard”, “natural science”as the achievement commended a scholar's important target, it is obvious this had already formed a kind of general atmosphere , but not peculiar case at that time. This plan explores it is how to take shape to value the learned style of study at that time, it is estimated that was set about by this each of actual demand, divide the following several respect: (1) Politically, different political envoy exchanges under force, why it will be its person standard? (2) On social culture, because of the powerful family forming, caused local consciousness to resume, most scholars will praise one's own hometown; The local chronicle producing there from is done; And the etiquette and custom at that time, the person avoided making others' forbidden word of home and valuing the family tree artificially. (3) On the academic thought, discussed at that time that discussed and needed to quote a lot of materials as proof. (4) Literature work, at that time the literature creation often used the example; As well as records strange or supernatural events the novel, history book being in vogue. (5) When meets certain unusual things or the record, common people do not know how to explain, scholar of learned, natural science, can often make use of this chance and show the talent. ; 研究期間 9708 ~ 9807 |
