本研究計畫擬以三年為期，檢討我國之社會救助制度，其中包括憲法基礎、現行社會救助法以及社會救助行政等三方面。第一年將從兩方面檢討社會救助之憲法基礎，即生存權之保障與社會救助之關係，以及補充原則是否為憲法原則，而成為國家與社會上非營利組織在社會救助任務之分配上之規範基礎。憲法上對於生存權之保障，乃是社會救助制度之憲法基礎，在學說上尚無疑問。問題在於，社會救助制度之設計，如不足以達成生存權之保障，人民依據其生存權，能作何主張？亦即可否發動憲法訴訟以請求救濟？甚至，可否直接依據生存權請求給付？這些問題之回答，乃是本計劃之課題。其次，關於補充原則是否為憲法原則之問題，在德國學說上有從憲法基本人權之保障以及比例原則而推導出補充原則，並為國內學者所引用。本計畫擬對此予以審視，以檢討在我國憲法上是否能推導出補充原則。第二年將進行現行社會救助法與德國社會救助法之比較分析，在內容上將著重在社會救助法之建制原則，給付之對象、要件與種類，社會救助給付與民法上扶養義務之關係，以及社會救助與其他社會福利給付之關係。第三年擬以社會救助行政為觀察對象，從兩方面檢討社會救助行政之特殊性。首先，在科層行政中，尤其基於文書檔案之要求，往往形成對於救助需求者之行政門檻，本計畫擬檢討如何協助救助需求者跨越行政門檻。其次，社會救助機關往往與非營利組織合作，以實現其任務。本計畫擬審視實務上之合作型態，並分析其法律關係，以解決在合作關係上可能產生之法律問題。 ; The research project will examine Taiwan’spublic assistance scheme, including constitutional basis, Public Assistance Act and public assistance administration. The research will examine the constitutional basis from two approaches in the first years. The first approach is the relation between the protections of right to life and the public assistance. The second is whether the principle of subsidiarity is included in the constitutional principle field to be the regulatory basis of the duties distribution from the state and society to the non-profit organization in the public assistance scheme. The protection of right to life on the constitution is the basis of the public assistance. However, if the design of public assistance scheme could not afford to protect people’s right to life, what claim could people have on the basis of the right to life? Would people claim to have a constitutional litigation to request a relief? Furthermore, would people demand for the payment? The previous questions are the main topics of the project. In addition, some German theories have concluded that the principle of subsidiarity is based on the protection of fundamental human rights in the constitutional principle, and were quoted by some Taiwanese scholars. The research will analyze this approach and evaluate if the principle of subsidiarity would be deducted from Taiwan’s constitution. In second year, the research will do the comparative analysis between Taiwan’s current Public Assistance Act and German’s one. It will highlight the establishment framework, payment target, terms and category, the relation between the public assistance payment and support obligation in the Civil Law, and the relation between the public assistance and other social welfare payment. The research will examine the particularity of the public assistance administration which will be the main observing target in the third year. Initially, the needs of the diploma and filing system become a barrier to the applicant in the bureaucratic administration, and the project will try to deliver an approach to change the condition. Second, the public assistance authority is usually collaborative with the non-profit organization to accomplish the goal. The project will evaluate the practical collaboration forms and analyze the legal relation to solve the potential problem in the cooperation. ; 研究期間 9708 ~ 9807
