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    题名: 車籠埔斷層面起伏構造之研究;A study of undulation structures of the Chelungpu fault
    作者: 賴家祥;Chia-Hsiang Lai
    贡献者: 應用地質研究所
    关键词: 錦水頁岩;車籠埔斷層;九二一集集地震;Chelungpu fault;921 Chi-Chi earthquake;Chinshui shale
    日期: 2004-06-14
    上传时间: 2009-09-22 09:58:50 (UTC+8)
    出版者: 國立中央大學圖書館
    摘要: 九二一集集地震除了成為台灣之「百年大震」,引發嚴重災情外,亦揭露了無比豐富的資料,提供地球科學家一次難得的機會來檢視大地震之行為。九二一集集地震主要提供三種資料:1)地表破裂,2)地殼變形,3)地下破裂過程,分由地質、大地測量、及地震方法獲得。這些資料推論出相當可靠的地震物理,探討從孕震到破裂之一完整的地震過程,即一套震源物理模型。此種理論模型之建立,對瞭解地震、進而預測地震極為重要。但欲呈現完整的物理模型,有賴於精細之地下地質構造,本研究目的在於測繪出霧峰鄰近區域之車籠埔斷層中段的淺部地下構造,探討此區域的地下起伏構造與斷層地表地質的交互關係,並進一步地結合本研究小組之前所做的結果,包括3條委託中油施測的30km長深層反射震測剖面及300多條淺層反射震測測線,將車籠埔斷層整個孕震構造做一個初步的綜合解釋。 本研究主要利用淺層反射震測方法,配合地表地質、鑽井資料,以及其他地球物理資料,建立起整個車籠埔斷層在淺部的三維起伏構造形貌,並可以合理地得到下列數點結果: (1) 斷層逆衝傾角與地下構造起伏互有關連,傾角越小,可形成較淺的構造存在;傾角越大,則構造可以延伸至地下深部,斷層面在地下淺部與深度之間變化,可形成數個不同的斷坡轉斷坪構造。 (2) 因車籠埔斷層與哮貓斷層相連接,其東側地下深部的斷層面角度出現急速的變化,使得板塊應力能量可以在此累積,形成孕震帶的環境,引發集集地震而造成車籠埔斷層錯動。 (3) 車籠埔斷層的淺部地下構造共有5個主要的南北向拱起構造,由北往南分佈在大甲溪-東勢、霧峰北側、草屯南側、南投與名間-集集等地區,因為不同區域的斷坡有不同的坡度與規模,分別控制著區域中斷層地表破裂(包括斷層走向與錯動量)的情形與地層的分佈,也影響區域中地形的發育。 (4) 就本次集集地震來看,車籠埔斷層面的地下構造(即錦水頁岩滑脫面)起伏情形,控制著地震震波能量的傳遞與表現,地震的錯動量分佈,是受到地下構造的形貌所控制。 (5) 由於桂竹林層在?子溪以南並無出露,也由於草湖溪剖面之上盤抬高,始得使密度較小的頭嵙山礫石層得以向東深入,造成全島規模最低重力值。 (6) 本組所使用的『廣域剖面佈線法』,更能克服施測地區環境障礙,再配合鑽井資料、其他地球物理與地質資料,能夠合理的建立出地下三維構造模型,有效的研究活動構造之地下形貌。 The 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake (Mw=7.6) was the largest seismic event on the Taiwan island in the recent century. It showed abundant information and provided earth scientists with a rare chance to study detailed behaviors of the earthquake fault. The Chi-Chi earthquake provided three major kinds of information: 1) surface dislocations, 2) seismograms, 3) underground rupture processes. We could use these to infer reliable seismic physics and complete seismic processes. This seismic rupture model would be important to study and to forecast earthquakes. In order to acquire a complete rupture model, detailed subsurface structures are needed. In this study, we used shallow reflection seismic method to detect subsurface structures of the middle portion of the fault, attempting to find the relationship between the structure and the rupture. The seismic sections, the CPC deep seismic sections and the geologic data are combined to interpret preliminarily seismogenic structures. The following conclusions are obtained: (1) The dip angles of the fault are related to the depth distribution of the structure. The smaller dip angle corresponds to the sallower structure. (2) Five rises are found along the south-north direction of the fault surface. They affected the surface ruptures, the distribution of the strata, and the topographical development in this area. (3) The Wufeng rise, found in this study, forms an obstacle to interfere the rupture propagation, which causes high displacements along the fault, high topographies, and the Wufeng bending of the fault surface trace. (4) The Wufeng rise also stops the southern extension of the Kueichulin formation, which makes the merge of the Chelungpu fault and the lower Sanyi fault. This structural uplift allows the lower-density gravel (Toukoshan formation) to penetrate deep into the bottom of the hill around Wufeng, which eventually induces the lowest Bouguer gravity value (-54 mgal) in Taiwan. (5) The shallow reflection seismic method is proved to be useful in the earthquake fault study. We used wide-spread seismic lines to overcome the difficulties when crossing the large areas. After Cooperating with drilling data and other geologic information, we may construct the 3D structure of the study area and reveal relevant relationships with the faulting behaviors during the earthquake.
    显示于类别:[應用地質研究所] 博碩士論文

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