| 摘要: | 過往研究指出，語音訊息為短期儲存語言材料之歷程中最重要的表徵，而近年累積的實驗結果，則強調語意和字形表徵亦有貢獻。本計畫提出在三年中進行十四個實驗，利用數個短期記憶的實驗派典和腦造影技術，檢驗影響中文字詞短期記憶的因素，並釐清和這些因素相關的大腦區位。具體來說，本計畫預計在第一年中完成的實驗一到實驗五，將利用序列再認作業，探討刺激材料的字形相似性對短期記憶的影響，並進一步區分中文字部件的形狀、組成、位置等訊息，在決定字形相似性時的相對重要程度。自第一年末和第二年開始執行的實驗六到實驗八，將探討對中文真字和假字、真詞和假詞、具體詞和抽象詞的序列再認表現，是否會因語意的介入而有所不同。本計畫的實驗九到實驗十一，則採用曾成功被應用在腦造影研究中的延遲再認作業，驗證語意、語音、字形對於中文短期記憶的影響，並獨立操弄中文字的語音和字形相似性，以確立用此作業探討短記憶表徵的適切性。在第三年中，三個腦造影實驗將根據實驗九到實驗十一的程序，配合同時記錄腦部活動量的核磁共振儀，觀察支持短期記憶中之語音、語意和字形表徵的大腦區位。這個計畫的結果，將增進我們對短期記憶的瞭解，並彰顯進行跨語言研究的重要性。 ; Phonological information has been demonstrated to play a dominant role in the short-term retention of verbal materials. However, recent reports have also indicated the contribution from semantic and orthographic information to verbal short-term memory (VSTM), especially when the phonology of memory items is not helpful or available. The current proposal aims to elucidate fundamental characteristics and neural correlates of VSTM for Chinese materials through fourteen experiments in three years. Specifically, eleven behavioral and three neuroimaging experiments are proposed to reveal the functional contribution and anatomical localization of different components of VSTM. In Experiment 1 to 5, which will be conducted in the first year, in addition to replicating the well documented phonological similarity effect with Chinese characters, the effect of orthographic similarity will also be evaluated in the serial probed recognition paradigm. Moreover, the identity and positional information of radicals within Chinese characters will be manipulated in Experiment 3, and the similarity of stroke configuration while not sharing radicals among Chinese characters will be manipulated in Experiment 4, to understand whether these factors determine orthographic similarity of Chinese characters in VSTM. Experiment 5 will employ different intervening tasks to selectively interfere with the phonological and orthographic components of VSTM. Starting from the end of the first year, Experiment 6 to 8 will examine the effect of semantics on VSTM by comparing probed recognition of real- vs. pseudo-characters, real- vs. pseudo-words, and concrete vs. abstract words in Chinese. In preparation for the following neuroimaging experiments, in the second year we also plan to conduct Experiment 9 to 11 with the delayed probed recognition paradigm. In addition to replicating semantic, phonological, and orthographic influences on Chinese VSTM, the adequacy of this task to reveal the neural substrates underlying VSTM will be verified. In Experiment 10, homophonic Chinese characters will be employed to minimize the contribution from phonology to VSTM. In Experiment 11, only orthographic similarity among Chinese characters will be manipulated to isolate its contribution. Based on the paradigm employed in Experiment 9 to 11, we plan to conduct Experiment 12 to 14 with simultaneous application of the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique in the third year. These experiments would enable us to identify the brain regions that are responsive to manipulations of semantic, phonological, and orthographic factors. Specifically, the neural network involved in all aspects of VSTM will be identified in Experiment 12. Taking the results from Experiment 12 as our regions of interest, non-phonological support for VSTM performance will be highlighted in the comparison between the retention of homophonic and non-homophonic Chinese characters in contrast with single word processing in Experiment 13. Similarly, the brain areas that are associated with orthographic similarity will be revealed with phonologically dissimilar Chinese characters in Experiment 14. In summary, the findings from the proposed project will greatly improve our knowledge of the organization of VSTM. This project will also provide support for the benefit and necessity of conducting cross-linguistic research to advance the theory of VSTM in specific and human cognition in general. ; 研究期間 9808 ~ 9907 |
