| 摘要: | 台灣地處亞熱帶，並位於西太平洋颱風區，因此每年颱風災害頻繁，加上台灣屬於海島性氣候，具有降雨量以及降雨強度大，但時空分佈不均的特性，因此每年因為颱風豪雨所造成的災害，位居所有災害之首，有鑑於此，本研究將針對颱風降雨做一系列的研究，以瞭解颱風雨的降雨特性，不但希望能夠建立各地區的水文基本資料之外，還期待分析結果可以提供防災工程之用。 本研究將以中央氣象局從民國60年到民國80年間，所發佈的侵台颱風作基礎，將經濟部水利處全省共150個雨量站分成北部、中部、南部、東部四個區域進行分區的研究，再將每個區域水文站所量測到的颱風分成延時、雨型、路徑、降雨量以及降雨強度等五個項目逐步討論；接著綜合各區域的分析結果相互比較，以瞭解台灣各地區的水文特性。 由本研究的結果顯示，各地區在颱風雨作用下的平均延時都接近設計常用的24小時，標準偏差約在12小時（半天）左右，而雨型的分佈以中央集中式雨型出現的比率最高，本研究也發現不同路徑對不同地區產生的影響也不盡相同，而降雨的分佈以東部地區多於西部地區。 Taiwan, being located at the subtropical zone in western Pacific Ocean, suffers the damage to typhoon events frequently. The weather in Taiwan is the typical island climate, with its characteristics such as high intensity precipitation and disproportionate distribution. For this reason, serious disasters in Taiwan are often occurred during typhoon events. This study focuses not only to identify the precipitation patterns in typhoon events, but also provide insights for engineering design. The precipitation record of typhoon events from 1971 to 1991, based on the Central Weather Bureau, is used for analysis. To study the regional characteristics, the island is divided into four geographical areas, namely, the northern, the central, the southern, and the eastern part of Taiwan. The precipitation data of each of the typhoon events is analyzed by taking its duration, rainfall pattern, typhoon path, total precipitation and precipitation intensity. Furthermore, comparisons are performed among the four areas. It is found that the mean duration of the event is about 24 hours with roughly a standard variation of 12 hours. The central concentrated pattern is identified as the most common one. Therefore, a design approach using the central concentrated precipitation pattern with duration of 24 hours is suggested in engineering practices. Furthermore, the different path causes dissimilar influence in four areas. From the data, it can be shown that the heavy rainfall region is in the eastern part of Taiwa |
