| 摘要: | 每個社會與時期，皆因不同的歷史背景，而有特別關注的議題。在臺灣，欲振興地域發展，公部門積極推動社區政策的執行，以做為一項計畫性投資地域所進行或導引的過程，並從社區發展到社區營造的轉化，試圖賦予公民實踐其文化權利，再經由充分釋放資源、活化社會群體，期以重新詮釋具有地域特色之文化性公共事務。換言之，臺灣的社區政策以為發掘在地文化之異質性，是一種公部門為求改善區域內經濟、社會與文化的驅動過程，最終為營造一個健全的地域發展。 然而，檢視目前臺灣的地域發展狀態，正面臨同質化的高度競爭。就核心的社區政策而言，多數側重於經濟層面之發展，而經濟因素固然支配了整個發展的過程，在執行上也收得立竿見影之成效，但卻因此被商業化主導，以致於地方政府在興建文化設施、舉辦藝文活動僅具有炫耀與實驗的性質，對於地域永續發展的概念皆略顯薄弱，進而衍生出發展失衡的問題以及公共疏離的現象。是否正因為公民參與的想像與社造理念的實踐有顯著的差距，使得公民浸信於發展框架下的商業營造，進而漠視群體導向的社區意識。 本研究首先將臺灣社區政策的發展脈絡視為一動態體，並非依時間規模而劃分成為三個時期；其次，為建構地域發展之整體性，本研究界定的地域發展可從政治、經濟、社會與文化層面來探討，並將各個層面分別聚焦於政府政策、產業經濟、社會意向與文化環境。最後，以新竹縣橫山鄉為研究個案，探討不同歷程之社區政策，在滿足公民認同和導引公民參與的同時，其所帶來的經濟效益、文化轉向以及空間活化，對於橫山鄉發展的演繹過程中，乃至於地域活化與社區營造之成效，產生何種程度之影響。據此，希冀找到潛藏的問題以及過程中的地域變化和觀念轉變之關鍵，復以提出未來執行或擬定相關議題之建議，俾供橫山鄉之地方社團、社區居民、公部門與業者調整該地域發展之參考。 In Taiwan, want to develop a local development, the public agent actively pushes the performance of community policy to be used as a project investment local carries on or guiding process, and the conversion of community empowerment from the community development, try to give citizen to practice its cultural right, after through well release a resource and activate social community, expect to re-explain to have cultural public business of the local special feature. In other words, the community policy of Taiwan thinks that exhumation's differences in local culture is a kind of public agent to request to improve the process of the driving of economy inside the district, society and culture, finally for empowerment a sound local development. However, examine currently the local of Taiwan to develop appearance, is facing the homogeneity high competition. In regard to the community policy of core, the most is laid particular emphasis on to the development of economic level, while the economic factor surely controlled the whole process for developing and also receive instant result in the execution, but consequently commercial predominance, with the result that the local government is building cultural facilities and holds an art and literature activity to only have to show with experience property, all slightly weak to the concept of local sustainable development, then spread out problem and public estranged phenomenon of development disequilibrium. Whether positive because imagination and club of citizen participation build the fulfillment of principle to contain notable margin and make the citizen addicted to a development frame under of business empowerment, then ignore the community consciousness of community direction. The development grain that this research defines the community policy in Taiwan first is a dynamic state body, and becomes three periods from the concept demarcation of the sequence in time; Is the whole that constructs a local development secondly, the local development of this research definition can join the government to cure, economy, society and cultural level to inquire into, and focus each level is at government policy, the industrial economy, social disposition and cultural environment respectively. End, a case study of Country in Heng-shan, inquire into the community policy of different process, while satisfying a citizen identification and leading to lead citizen participation, economic benefit, culture brought by it changes direction and the space activate, develop to Country in Heng-shan of deduce process in, is as for the local activates and the result of the community empowerment, creation what degree of influence. On these grounds, the key of problem and the local variety in the process and idea change craved for to find out to hide. Then, proposed the future will carry out or draws up suggestion the correlation subject, in order to provide Heng-shan the country of the community organizes, community inhabitants, public agent and operator adjust the reference of the local development. |
