| 摘要: | 時間副詞承載了動作行為或狀態在時間流程中所處的位置以及跟時間有關的種種特徵，動作行為或狀態在時間流程中所處的位置不一，有過去、現在和將來；動作行為或狀態跟時間有關的特徵多種多樣，有速度的快慢，發生時間的遠近，出現頻率的高低，持續進行與否等等。本文欲以句法、語義等角度相互配合，企圖對臺灣客家話現有的時間副詞作詳盡的討論。 本文共分七章，第一章為緒論，說明研究動機、目的與方法，並且簡單表列介紹臺灣常用客家話的音韻系統，作為本文使用音標的說明。第二章回顧相關時間副詞的文獻探討，期許從前人的經驗之中獲得學習。第三章將本文對客語時間副詞的定義劃分清楚，比較時間詞與時間副詞其中的差異，並說明時間副詞的功能。第四章將客語時間副詞從語義角度做分類，分別是為表完成時間副詞、未完成時間副詞及頻率副詞三大類，當中再細分為各次類詳述各類時間副詞語義上細微的差異，並在幾個同義時間副詞之間做更細微的語義分析。第五章為時間副詞的共用限制，討論時間副詞在與各項體標記結合表達完成體、持續體及經歷體的用法，還有時間副詞在表達現在、過去及未來的時態用法，且針對時間副詞在句中作狀語的位置，討論句首、句中位置與其修飾的主語之間的關係。第六章探討特殊時間副詞詞源探究，分別從文字學、哲學、音韻、歷史等多種角度，來探討臺灣客家話時間副詞的詞彙來源。第七章為結論，期望透過以上的研究描述與分析，能夠整理出臺灣客家話時間副詞的特點及概況。 The time adverb load bearing movement behavior or the condition the position as well as with the time related all sorts of characteristics which located in the time flow, the movement behavior or the condition the position which located in the time flow not one, will have the past, the present and the future; Movement behavior or condition with time related characteristic many and varied, has the speed, has the time distance, appears the frequency the height, continues to carry on or not and so on. This article wants by angles and so on syntax, semantics to coordinate, to attempt mutually to make the exhaustive discussion to the Taiwan Hakka language existing time adverb. This article altogether is divided seven chapters, the first chapter is an introduction, explains the research motive, the goal and the method, and catalogs simply introduced the Taiwan commonly used Hakka language the sound system, uses the phonetic or musical notation as this article the explanation. The second chapter review correlation time adverb literature discussion, hoped obtains the study from predecessor's experience. Third chapter is clear this article to the guest language time adverb definition division, compared with the time-word and time adverb difference, and explains the time adverb the function. Fourth chapter functions as the guest language time adverb from the semantic angle the classification, respectively is completes the time adverb, the imperfect tense for the table the adverb and the frequency adverb three big kinds, middle subdivides again for each kind relates in detail in each kind of time adverb semantics the slight difference, and makes the slighter semantic analysis between several synonymy time adverb. Fifth chapter uses in common the limit for the time adverb, the discussion time adverb in expresses the adult with each item of body mark union, continues the body and experiences the body the usage, but also will have the time adverb in the expression now, the past and the future tense usage, also made adverbial in view of the time adverb in the sentence the position, the discussion sentence, between the subject relations which if in the sentence the position decorated. The sixth chapter discussion special time adverb etymology inquired into that, separately from the philology, the philosophy, the sound, the history and so on many kinds of angles, discusses the Taiwan Hakka language time adverb the glossary origin. Seventh chapter is the conclusion, expected penetrates above research to describe and to analyze, can reorganize the Taiwan Hakka language time adverb the characteristic and the survey. |
