相較於農業與工業方面的化學藥物，大部分的醫療藥品殘留物經由民生與工業廢污水系統持續排放，再加上雨水沖刷，對環境造成影響。這些具有生物活性的化學殘留物與代謝物普遍存在於環境中，長期以來在地表面水中被檢測到，被認定為持久性有機污染物（POPs）。因此，必須發展一種方便的分析方法，研究這些殘留物對環境的衝擊。本研究所選擇的藥品殘留物為安妥明（clofibric acid）、異布洛芬（ibuprofen）、卡巴氮平（carbamazepine）、那普洛辛（naproxen）、凱妥普洛芬（ketoprofen）與二克氯吩鈉（diclofenac）。在方法開發上，選用多種固相萃取管柱以萃取樣品，其中以新開發的填充聚合物形式的Oasis HLB固相萃取管柱具有最佳的萃取回收效率。萃取物再以氣相層析質譜儀（GC-MS）進行定性與定量的工作，並在大體積進樣裝置中，以四丁基銨鹽（TBA）進行線上離子對衍生化。在EI的質譜圖中，選用以丁酯化衍生物的分子離子與其他的特徵斷裂離子為定量離子，可增加偵測靈敏度與特異性。在200 mL水樣中，定量極限範圍在1-8 ng/L，而各種不同的真實水樣中，回收率平均為46.2-115﹪，RSD為1-15﹪。在真實水樣中，偵測不到本研究選擇的藥品殘留物的存在。 In contrast to agrochemicals and industrial chemicals, most of pharmaceutical residues are discharged into the environment on a continual basis via domestic/industrial sewage system and wet-weather runoff. These bioactive chemical residues and their metabolites are ubiquitous and persistently occur in surface water as commonly as the widely recognized persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Therefore, it is necessary to develop convenient analytical methods to study how these residues impact the environment. This work presents a modified method to analyze selected pharmaceutical residues (clofibric acid, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, naproxen, ketoprofen and diclofenac) in water samples. Various solid-phase extraction cartridges were investigated. The newly developed polystyrene- divinylbenzene-N-vinyl pyrrolidone terpolymer (Oasis HLB) solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge provides the optimal sample extraction results. The analytes were then identified and quantitatively determined by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) via on-line derivatization in the injection-port using a large-volume (10 mL) sample injection with tetrabutylammonium (TBA) salts. Mass spectra of butylated derivatives and tentative fragmentation profiles are proposed. Molecular ions and some characteristic ions were used as the quantitation ions to obtain maximum detection sensitivity and specificity. The quantitation limits of these compounds were ranged from 1 to 8 ng/L in 200 mL water samples. Recovery of these residues in spiked various water samples ranged from 46.2% to 115% while RSD ranged from 1 to 15%. No selected pharmaceutical residues were detected in the real water samples.
