《聊齋誌異》中鬼的形象研究

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题名:	《聊齋誌異》中鬼的形象研究
作者:	朱瓊華;Chu,Chiung-hua
贡献者:	中國文學系在職專班
关键词:	鬼魅;死而復生;鬼死為?;夜叉;輪迴果報;于七之亂;Ghosts;Reviving;Ghost turns into an evil as it dies;Ye Cha;Transmigration and causation;Yu Chi Rebellion
日期:	2013-07-03
上传时间:	2013-08-22 11:38:41 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	摘要《聊齋誌異》繼承了魏晉志怪小說與唐人傳奇，加上蒲松齡的時代背景，仕途的不順遂，以及儒佛思想的影響，創造出獨特的藝術風格。蒲松齡善於把幻想與現實、虛構與真實結合起來，所寫鬼魅，雖是幻想中的形象，但大部分卻富有人的性情，並以人的世界為其主要生活環境。蒲松齡運用了豐富的想像力，擴大了題材內容，以鬼魅形象來反映的社會生活面，對人類社會有著深刻的體會及寄託。此書既以「誌異」為名，全書自然以書寫神奇怪異為主，所以《聊齋誌異》表面上描寫陰司鬼魅的鬼怪世界，卻是現實社會的投影，在鬼魅故事中常以當時的戰亂為背景如：〈司文郎〉的背景為甲申之變、〈鬼哭〉的背景為謝遷之變、〈公孫九娘〉的背景為于七之亂、〈鬼隸〉的背景為三藩之亂，所以我們可以透過文中鬼魅形象的研究，來探討當時的政治社會現況。《聊齋誌異》也常利用著鬼魅形象，影射著現實社會和刻劃人生的百態，其中有對科舉制度的批判、社會現象的反映、愛情婚姻的追求、以及對官場黑暗的諷刺，呈現出蒲松齡對人生的深刻的體驗。所以本論文除了將《聊齋誌異》的鬼分類為：被奴役的鬼、厲鬼、善鬼、惡鬼、情鬼、才鬼、古代名人的鬼魂、夜叉八類外，更以鬼能生子、鬼有血液、鬼死為?，這些鬼的特殊性來做論述探討。而蒲松齡在塑造人物時，外在美和內在美是否劃上等號，在文中也有不同的見解，將分析蒲松齡筆下的美的形象。另外也將探討蒲松齡對鬼魅形象描寫的矛盾點：蒲松齡一方面展現了女性追求愛情的自由觀，一方面卻在字裡行間表現了寡婦守節的宿命論。這也可看出蒲松齡擁有新進思想，但骨子裡還是充斥著中國傳統思想。 Abstract “Ghosts and Wizards(Liao-chai Chih-I)” inheriting the tradition of tales of the supernatural of Wei and Jin Dynasty and legends of Tang Dynasty, with Pu Sung Ling’s historical background, his failure in searching for a career, and the impact of Confucianism and Buddhism, creates a unique artistic style. Mr. Pu was good at combining fantasy with reality, and fiction and reality. Although the ghosts written were the image of fantasy, but most of them are humane and mainly lived the human world. Mr. Pu exerted his colorful imagination to expand the material to reflect the society through the images of ghosts, presenting a strong comprehension of human society. Since ghosts is included in the title, the book is naturally a book focusing on strange and weird tales. “Ghosts and Wizards” seemed to be talking about the ghost world, yet it was a projection of the real world. Wartime was a constant background for the ghost stories. The examples were Jia Shen Rebellion in “Sz Wen Lang”, Shie Chian Rebellion in “Ghost Crying”, Yu Chi Rebellion in “Gung Suen Jiou Niang”, San Fen Rebellion in “Ghost Slave.” Therefore, we can look into the society at that period of time through the study of the ghost images in the book. “Ghosts and Wizards” also used the ghost images to reflect the real world and all aspects of life, such as the criticism of imperial examination system, reflection of social phenomena, pursuit of love and marriage, sarcasm of the dark side of politics, presenting Mr. Pu’s true realization of life. Thus, this essay puts the ghosts in “Ghosts and Wizards” into eight categories: slavery ghost, evil ghost, nice ghost, mean ghost, romantic ghost, talent ghost, ancient celebrity ghost, ugly ghost. In addition, ghost giving birth and ghost with blood circulation are also being looked into according to their features. Whether Mr. Pu equaled outer and inner beauties when he created a character, different perspectives will be offered in this essay by analyzing the beauty image under his depiction. Moreover, Mr. Pu’s conflicting descriptions of ghost image will also be discussed. On one hand, Mr. Pu presented women’s free will in pursuing love. On the other hand, fatalism of widow keeping moral integrity can be read between the lines. It can be clearly seen that while Pu Sung Ling was way before his time, he could not get rid of Chinese traditional thinking in his blood.
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