補助作為胚胎幹細胞管制的工具-台灣與美國管制模式之比較-; ubsidy as a Method to Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Research: A Comparison of Regulatory Mechanisms between Taiwan and the United States

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题名:	補助作為胚胎幹細胞管制的工具-台灣與美國管制模式之比較-;ubsidy as a Method to Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Research: A Comparison of Regulatory Mechanisms between Taiwan and the United States
作者:	李彥賦;Lee,Yen-fu
贡献者:	法律與政府研究所
关键词:	胚胎幹細胞研究管制;命令控制型管制工具;經濟誘因型管制工具;行政規則;職權命令;embryonic stem cell research control;command-and-control policy;economic incentive policy;administrative directive;Non-Delegated Administrative Legislation
日期:	2013-07-02
上传时间:	2013-08-22 11:46:24 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	我國目前針對人類胚胎幹細胞的研究行為的控管工具，主要係人工生殖法以及僅具行政規則位階之「人類胚胎及胚胎幹細胞研究倫理政策指引」，管制架構並不完備；行政院版「人類胚胎及胚胎幹細胞研究條例」草案雖在立法院屆期不連續的規定下，已胎死腹中，惟其符合法治國家限制研究行為的法律保留原則的基本要求，並呈現出政府未來所欲採取的管制態度及趨勢，乃是以命令控制型的管制政策進行行為控管。相對於此，美國聯邦係以補助作為管制手段，設立補助申請的資格要件以及「行為保證」之約定方式，利用市場機能吸引研究者遵行相關程序，以達政策目標，屬於經濟誘因型的政策工具。我國目前實務上將行政機關所訂定之行為準則，作為國家提供經費補助之行為引導標準，此種模式與美國聯邦長久迄今以來所採取的管制模式有其類似性。台灣如何發展相關研究、培育研究人員，進而使科技實力躍昇於國際舞台，法令之配套措施實不可或缺，因此本文建議，針對胚胎及胚胎幹細胞之研究管制，必須參考美國的補助管制手段形成歷程，兼顧及我國針對研究行為所已形成的管制氛圍，制定專法並於現有的補助實務上附加合理的過渡機制，始得確實管制相關研究行為以及政府補助之有效性及公平性。 The current regulatory mechanism concerning research behaviors of human’s embryonic stem cells in Taiwan are the Artificial Reproduction Act and the administrative directive “Ethic Policy Guidance Governing Human’s Embryo and Embryonic Stem Cell Research” only, so Taiwan’s regulatory structure is not sound. There was a draft of the “Human Embryo and Embryonic Stem Cell Research Act” proposed by the Executive Yuan, which was aborted in the Legislative Yuan since the bill’s examination periods were not consecutive nevertheless, its regulations met the basic requirements for compliance with the principle of legal reservation for restraining research behavior by a county under the rule of law, and demonstrated the government’s attitude towards the regulation it intended to adopt and the future trend of control, which is to control behavior through command-and-control policy. As opposed to such command-and-control policy, the U.S. Federal Government uses subsidization as the regulatory mechanisms, with which it has set up application criteria and adopted the “Federalwide Assurance (FWA)”, followed by utilizing the market mechanism to attract researchers to comply with relevant procedures, and finally achieve the policy’s goal. This is an example of using economic incentives as the policy tool. In practice, Taiwan uses the rules of conduct set by its executive authorities as the guidance standard for the country, in regard to offering budget subsidies. This mode has some similarity to the regulatory mechanisms long adopted by the U.S. Federal Government. Regarding the issues of how Taiwan shall develop related studies, cultivate researchers and further showcase its technological strength in the international arena, laws and regulations play an indispensable role in pushing advancement. Hence, for embryo and embryonic stem cell research control, this paper recommends that Taiwan should refer to the U.S. Federal Government use of subsidization to maintain control, concurrently enact exclusive laws according to the control atmosphere regarding Taiwan’s research behavior, and add a reasonable transitional mechanism to the existing subsidies. By so doing, the related research behavior can be truly regulated and government subsidies can be fairly and effectively distributed.
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