從儒家「經權原則」論安樂死之適當性

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Title:	從儒家「經權原則」論安樂死之適當性
Authors:	張國頤;Chang,Kuo-Yi
Contributors:	哲學研究所在職專班
Keywords:	儒家倫理學;經權原則;安樂死;生命素質;生命倫理學;Confucianism;principle of ching-kuan;Euthanasia;Quality of life;Bioethics
Date:	2013-07-16
Issue Date:	2013-08-22 12:02:59 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	安樂死是生命倫理學中一個重要的道德問題，同時也是屬於道德兩難的問題，安樂死在荷蘭是合法的，但是，在台灣安樂死卻是非法的行為。然而，在某些案例中，疾病所引起的強烈疼痛不是竭盡全力的照護就能安撫的，因此，近幾年來安樂死的呼籲四起。在學理上沒有令人滿意的支持論據，安樂死到目前仍有許多爭議，無法進行立法。因為自願主動安樂死涉及他殺的道德爭議，挑戰「不可殺人」的禁令，所以情況困難棘手。但是在有些情況下臨終病人生不如死，假設病人自願請求，安樂死是否能成立呢？本文就臨終病人安樂死的道德性進行探討。從儒家觀點—孟子提出的「經權原則」，省思安樂死的倫理問題。文中除了提出西方許多生命倫理學家和醫療專家的不同理據和看法，也用貝參和查爾德斯的原則主義、儒家生命倫理學、辛格的偏好功利主義等道德原則和理論，對「安樂死」做倫理分析和比較。最後，本論文嘗試證立「有條件的安樂死」是合理和合人道的醫療。並希望藉由論文中的討論，支持「末期病人之有條件的安樂死」，讓末期病人替自己做最好的生命抉擇。 Euthanasia is an important issue of bioethics and a thorny moral dilemma. Euthanasia is now legal in Netherlands, but, it is illegal in Taiwan. However, in certain cases, pain caused by terminal disease can’t be lessen by hospice care, so for many years, request of legalization of euthanasia have been raised in many countries. There are no overriding arguments. Up till now, weare still fighting for euthanasia, but no many countries could make it legalized. It is because euthanasia is a challenge of the prohibition of “you must not kill”, therefore it is not easy to get passed. In some kind of situation, dying patients don’t want to be kept alive, and what if patients voluntarily ask for euthanasia at his free will, would euthanasia be justified? This thesis explores the morality of dying patients’ euthanasia and tries to analyse euthanasia from a Confucian perspective, that is, from Mencius’ principle of ching-kuan. There are different kinds of views of euthanasia in bioethics. I shall examine some of these such as Principlism, Confucian ethics, Singer’s preference utilitarianism on euthanasia. This thesis tries to verify that under certain conditions, euthanasia is a proper and humane choice for incurable and painful dying patients. I wish to suggest some good reasons to support euthanasia for dying patients as the best life decisions for themselves.
Appears in Collections:	[Executive Master of Philosophy] Electronic Thesis & Dissertation

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