合成孔徑雷達(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR)是一種微波遙測系統，在地球資源探勘、環境變遷偵測、全球災害防制的方面的應用上，具有受天候影響較小的特性，所以在一些立即性的觀測上占有重要的地位。在本文中，先以雷達原理規劃出發射機與接收機的基礎參數,再設計系統架構並且實現SAR即時基頻接收機在FPGA上。此接收機之數位訊號處理模組中，主要包括了距離匹配濾波器、方位匹配濾波器、行列轉換器、快速傅立葉轉換處理器。經模擬分析後，在效能與硬體複雜度上選取適當之參數及規格後，最後再以FPGA(Field Progammable Gate Array)板做測試及驗證其功能與效能。 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a kind of microwave remote sensing systems. In the Earth's resources exploration, environmental change detection, global disaster prevention aspects of applications, with features less affected by weather. So in some immediate observations occupies an important position. In this thesis, first plan the radar transmitter and receiver basic parameters by radar principles, then design the system structure and implementation SAR instant baseband receiver on FPGA. The receiver of the digital signal processing module, including the Range matched filter, Azimuth matched filter, corner turn, fast Fourier transform processor. After simulation analysis, in terms of performance and hardware complexity, select the appropriate parameters and specifications. Finally boarding to do the test and verifying this functionality and performance to FPGA (Field Progammable Gate Array).
