清代臺灣乞丐研究; The research of Qing Dynasty beggar in Taiwan

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题名:	清代臺灣乞丐研究;The research of Qing Dynasty beggar in Taiwan
作者:	李志揚;Yang,Li Chih
贡献者:	歷史研究所
关键词:	清代臺灣;乞丐;濟貧;施丐規例;Qing Dynasty Taiwan;beggars;helping the poor;rules of beggars
日期:	2013-07-23
上传时间:	2013-08-22 12:15:27 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	本文以清代臺灣的乞丐為觀察對象，主要分成三個研究主軸。首先探討乞丐在臺形成的原因，以了解在何種背景及因素下，使臺人由「民」轉變成「丐」；其次以清代臺灣官府、地方社會與乞丐之間的互動關係為闡述重點，當行乞者因強乞、較鬧而影響地方安定時，臺灣社會存有何種紓困對策。最後則從組織管理與救濟途徑為切入點，除了討論乞丐在管束、規範等方面，是否與一般常民有所差異外，在官方籌辦濟貧事業的過程中，乞丐是否符合救助的標準，具體的乞丐救助又有哪些途徑，這些議題皆為本研究所欲釐清的重點。在臺灣，乞丐的形成與漢人的移入有密切關聯。從現存的資料中，可知在十八世紀初期，便已有濟丐規例的產生；然遲至十九世紀後期，臺灣與丐相關的資料仍如鳳毛麟角，不僅難以窺探乞丐在臺的活動全貌，也為相關研究的進行增添不少的困難。實際上，乞丐與臺灣社會的發展息息相關。由於必須仰賴他人才可維繫生存，因此乞丐聚集之處，往往可視為地方（或經濟）發展的觀察依據；再者，施丐規例的施行，反映乞丐仍與常民社會有所聯繫，「排路祭」與「打店面」甚至成為臺灣民間的一項濟丐俗約。　　透過本文的探討，不僅可看出乞丐在臺的影響與特殊之處，亦可從丐者在地域社會的活動中，探知更多清代臺灣底層社會的真實風貌，進而為往後的研究提供更多探究的方向。 The research focuses on Qing Dynasty beggers in Taiwan as the observers of this research which divide into three major parts. First, discussion the reasons of Taiwanese beggars formation and what sorts of historical backgrounds as well as environments would make a Taiwanese person become a beggar? Second, elaborating the interaction among Qing Government, local society and beggars is the main idea of this part. When beggars’ rude behaviors affect the order of the society, Taiwanese government would take what sorts of action to solve the problems. Ultimately, in addition to discussing whether the norms and rules of beggars are different from normal people, during the process of the official engaging in helping the poor, whether beggars meet the need-to-help standards of official and figure out the concrete ways of need-to help would be like? The above mentions are the important issue to figure out clearly of this research. In Taiwan, the formation of beggars has close relation to the Han people immigration. According to the existing materials, the beggars have showed up during the early of 18th. Until the end of 19th , the materials of Taiwanese beggars are still rare. Thus, it is hard to overview the Taiwanese beggars’ activities in a whole and complete way which give the related research more or less difficulty. Actually, the developments of Taiwan society have close relation to the beggars. The places of beggars getting together are usually consider the basic observation of local or economic development. Moreover, the rules of beggars reflect beggars are linked to the normal society. For instant, getting crowd to stand for an event and taking protection fee even become an arbitrary beggar rules. Through this research, we will not only realize the effects and the specialties of beggars in Taiwan, but also realize more about the real situation of the bottom of Qing society in Taiwan by means of beggars’ regional social activities. In this way, providing more dimensions for this researching area will be the devotion.
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