毛澤東與中共早期婦女政策之研究(1921-1945)

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Title:	毛澤東與中共早期婦女政策之研究(1921-1945)
Authors:	顏志琦;Yen,chih-chi
Contributors:	歷史研究所
Keywords:	毛澤東;婦女;群眾運動
Date:	2013-07-09
Issue Date:	2013-08-22 12:15:32 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	自新文化運動、五四運動時期，許多反傳統文化的知識分子，都在提倡關於婦女的議題，毛澤東順應潮流的也在此時開始發表有關於婦女的文章，在他的早期文稿中，經常可見他對女性居處不平等的批判，想替婦女爭取權益。而中共在創黨之後，一直處於戰爭缺乏物資的情況中，這個時候毛卻將婦女地位的提升和婦女對於生產的貢獻綁在一起，開始了毛最擅長的群眾運動。毛澤東為了要動員婦女群眾參與生產勞動，鼓勵農村勞動婦女積極參加生產勞動工作，鼓吹婦女們說只要參與生產，就會提升婦女在社會上的地位。並且象徵性的「解放」婦女，藉著用提升婦女經濟和婚姻的自主權，來取得婦女的好感。毛澤東為了要再加強動員婦女群眾的效果，開始培養婦女幹部和推選模範婦女，就是希望用少數的菁英婦女去影響多數的婦女群眾。總結來說，毛澤東早期的婦女政策實際上就是以「解放」婦女之名，行利用婦女之實。毛總是利用各式各樣的說法，來增加婦女群眾的認同感，進而動員婦女以達成其政治目的，中國婦女的地位依然還是在中共父權主義之下。 Since New Cultural Movement and May Fourth Movement, a great number of counterculture intellectuals propagated the issues about women. Mao Zedong obeyed the trend and presented many articles regarding women. From his early articles, criticisms related to women in unfair conditions, which was observed.He also strived for women rights . After the foundation of the Chinese Communist party, China was at war and lacked the goods and materials and at this time women’s status was promoted, They also contributed to production.Miao considered the previous two events as a whole.He started crowd movements, which maio was expert at. In order to mobilize women to participate in production, Miao encouraged rustic women to engage in production positively.His propaganda was that women’s social status would be promoted if they took part in production. Moreover, this symbolized the release of women. Miao wanted to garner women’s good impression by means of promoting autonomy in economy and marriage. In order to intensify the effect of mobilizing women as a whole, miao started to cultivate women cadres and chose women models. He wanted to use a few elite women to influence the women community. To sum up, Mao’s early women policy is that he used the fame of releasing women, and took advantage of women. Miao always used various arguments to increase women’s identification. Then mobilized women to achieve his political goals. In communist China, Chinese women were still in patriarchal world.
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