| 摘要: | 研究期間：10108~10207;In a response to the gay movement of the identity politics that has diverged from the traditional left, and to the theoretical issues surrounding multiculturalism and the politics of difference, American critical theorist Nancy Fraser first proposed a two-dimensional model of justice of recognition and redistribution, irreducible to each other and complimentary in both theory and practice. After debate with many others, Fraser has reconstructed her model as three-dimensional, by adding the dimension of politics, especially in view of the dynamics of globalization and the post-Westfalia condition. Informed by the theories of justice, Fraser defines justice as the parity of participation, which leads to ideas such as deliberative democracy. However, there are challenges at least from two directions. One is represented by communitarian theorists such as Alex Honneth, who does not separate the right from the good, and sees recognition as mainly self-identity formation, in the spheres of intimate relation, the equal treatment of law, and the meritocratic (or other fair) principle of achievement. For Honneth, recognition is the motivation behind all societal conflicts including redistribution. The other direction comes from various theorists with different preoccupations. I will especially pay attention to the charge that Fraser’s view of recognition leaves out the important role of emotion or affect. For example, recognition can redress sexual stigma, by giving equal status institutionally to the stigmatized identity (e.g. homosexual), but cannot redress the shame that is associate with the sex acts (e.g. sadomy). Finally, or the last year of this project will try to use the above theoretical apparatus to deal with a dilemma in transsexualism; that is, the justice of redistribution demands the cost of SRS should be covered by medical insurance for those who suffer GID, but the justice of recognition demands the de-pathologization of transsexuals, that is, condemning GID as a constructed stigma. |
