| 摘要: | 《光緒嘉應州志》〈方言卷〉（以下簡稱〈方言卷〉）是記錄廣東省嘉應州方言的地方志。温仲和於光緒年間，前後花了約十年之久，加以編修完成。主要記錄了當時嘉應州客話的詞彙資料，其注解詞彙的描述中包含了對歷代經書的引用，以及當時方音的記錄。方音以譬況、讀若、直音及反切法加以呈現，語音和今臺灣四縣客家話的讀相當接近。對於今臺灣四縣的客家話研究是相當珍貴的語料來源，不但能夠體現出當時四縣客家話的音韻系統，依此探討四縣客家話語音的發展及演變，瞭解客家話詞彙的變遷，並從温仲和的記錄中，得知當時客家的文化背景，與今日之差異，進而作為未來研究〈方言卷〉與客家方言的參考資料。
本文共分六章，第一章為緒論，主要說明本論文的研究動機、目的與研究方法，並介紹《光緒嘉應州志》的作者温仲和，與梅州方言志的歷代版本。第二章主要從傳統訓詁的角度，分析〈方言卷〉的內容、詞目及按語。依詞序、詞綴及詞義分析詞彙。第三章從温仲和所注解的按語，歸納其對詞彙的標音方式，並依不同年代，分三個階段討論〈方言卷〉中所謂的「土音」。第四章從温仲和的按語中，歸納出其詞目使用漢字的方法原則，並從「找本字」與「用漢字」分析其本字與非本字之運用。第五章則是將〈方言卷〉中的特性特徵詞、關係特徵詞與語音特徵詞，與今客家方言特徵詞做分析比較。第六章為結論，並提出本文的研究價值、研究限制及未來研究方向的建議。; “Dialect Volume”(方言卷) of “GuangXu JiaYing Prefecture Annals”(光緒嘉應州志)（referred to as the “Dialect Volume”）is a record of local dialect chronicles at JiaYing Prefecture in Guang Dong Province, and it is Wen Zhong He(溫仲和), who spent almost a decade compiling and editing it during GuangXu period. The data of then Hakka vocabulary at JiaYing Prefecture was taken down in this work, involving the citation of Confucian classics and the record of then dialect in annotation. Phonetics of dialect presented with ancient notation, such as pi kuang(譬況)、du ruo(讀若)、zhi yin(直音) and fan qie(反切), is quite close to modern SiXian Hakka in Taiwan and also a fairly valuable source to the study of modern SiXian Hakka in Taiwan. Since “Dialect Volume” reflects the system of SiXian Hakka phonology at that time, I investigate the evolvement and changes of SiXian Hakka phonology and lexicon as well as learn the diversity of cultural background between former Hakka and modern Hakka from the record by Wen Zhong He. The result of study can be the references to the research of “Dialect Volume” and Hakka dialect in the future.
There are five chapters in this thesis. In chapter 1, in addition to explain my motivation, aim and methods of this thesis, I also introduce the editor of “GuangXu JiaYing Prefecture Annals” and every version of Mei Zhou dialect chronicles. In chapter 2, I analyze the contents, entries and comments of “Dialect Volume” with the study of classic texts, including interpretation, glossaries and commentaries; and explain the vocabulary according to the order of word, the affix and the meaning as well. In chapter 3, I summarize the phonetic transcription in accordance with the comments by Wen Zhong He, and discuss the local phonetics in “Dialect Volume” in three sections. In chapter 4, in terms of the comments by Wen Zhong He, I generalize the principles of Chinese character use in entries, and analyze whether they are original characters of dialect with methodology of “identifying original characters” and “using Chinese character”. Furthermore, the comparison of feature words including characteristic feature words, related feature words and phonetic feature words between “Dialect Volume” and modern Hakka dialect is discussed in chapter 5. In conclusion, I recommend this thesis values, limitations and future research directions in chapter 6. |
