| 摘要: | 台灣白粉菌分類
Classification of powdery mildews in Taiwan
柳韋安
指導教授: 羅南德 博士
摘要
白粉菌是世界上最常見的植物病原真菌之一。感染近10000種的被子植物，病斑會出現在葉、莖、花和果實，受到感染的植物葉片通常會扭曲或泛黃凋落。在型態鑑定上當寄主和白粉菌的有性世代型態是已知的情況下，通常就能比較容易鑑定種類，但目前台灣發現的白粉菌多數是無性世代所以必需利用ITS rDNA序列做進一步的分子鑑定才能更明確的鑑定物種。實驗進行到目前為止我們收集了超過53種白粉菌的樣品，來自43以上種不同寄主植物，樣品鑑定出五個屬16個不同種類的白粉菌，當中發現了一個可能是新種的白粉菌 (Golovinomyces sp. on Artemisia cf. indica)，新的同物異名(E. cinnamomi = E. quercicola)，四個台灣新紀錄(Pseudoidium caesalpiniacearum, Golovinomyces artemisiae, G. spadiceus, Sawadaea cf. polyfida)，，兩個白粉菌宿主新紀錄(Cleome rytidosperma, Torenia fournieri)，及白粉菌種類方面的宿主新紀錄 (Murraya paniculata as new host of E. quercicola, Ambrosia artemisiifolia as new host of G. spadiceus)，過去Erysiphe necator 只有在Vitaceae,發現，但是本研究也在Ipomoea hederacea 和 Ipomoea triloba發現到，以及世界第一次同時在樟樹和越橘兩個不同屬的植物上發現Erysiphe quercicola。也發現一些無法用ITS序列及無性世代型態區分的白粉病，過程中也觀察到昆蟲和白粉菌之間的有趣現象，像是斜纹夜蛾的幼蟲吃白粉菌，也首次發現Illeis koebelei這個種類的瓢蟲以Fibroidium abelmoschi, Ovulariopsis broussonetiae-papyriferae, Phyllactinia cassiae-fistulae白粉菌為食。
;Classification of powdery mildews in Taiwan
Wei-An Liu
Adviser: Dr. Roland Kirschner
Abstract
Powdery mildews (Ascomycota, Erysiphales) are some of the world’s most frequently encountered plant pathogenic fungi. They infect leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits of nearly 10,000 species of angiosperms. Among the economically important plants they infect are grapes, fruit trees, wheat, and many ornamentals. If host and teleomorph are known, species usually can be identified easily by morphology. In Taiwan, Erysiphales are mostly found as anamorphs which are more difficult to be identified morphologically. In this study, we collected more than 53 specimens of anamorphic Erysiphales on 43 host plants, comprising 16 species of Powdery Mildews with relationship to five teleomorph genera (Erysiphe, Golovinomyces, Phyllactinia, Podosphaera, Sawadaea), including one possibly new species (Golovinomyces sp. on Artemisia cf. indica),a new synonym (E. cinnamomi = E. quercicola), four new records for Taiwan (Pseudoidium caesalpiniacearum, Golovinomyces artemisiae, G. spadiceus, Sawadaea cf. polyfida), two new hosts records of any powdery mildew (Cleome rytidosperma, Torenia fournieri), and two new host records of certain species of powdery mildew (Murraya paniculata as new host of E. quercicola, Ambrosia artemisiifolia as new host of G. spadiceus). Erysiphe necator, hitherto known only on Vitaceae, was also found on Ipomoea hederacea and Ipomoea triloba. The synonymy of Ovulariopsis broussonetiae-papyriferae with Phyllactinia broussonetiae-kaempferi is rejected. Momordica charantia (bitter gourd)) is recorded as host of Podosphaera xanthii in Taiwan for the first time. The specimens were described with text and drawing. Altogether 30 DNA sequences were obtained from the specimens. For the first time, larvae of a moth (Spodoptera litura) were found feeding on a powdery mildew. For the first time, larvae of a moth (Spodoptera litura) were found feeding on a powdery mildew. The ladybug Illeis koebelei was first found feeding on Fibroidium abelmoschi, on Ovulariopsis broussonetiae-papyriferae, Phyllactinia cassiae-fistulae and Podosphaera xanthii on Helianthus annuus. |
