本論文主要是探討藍尾翠鳳蝶(Papilio blumei)的成色機制與光學特性。因其翅膀上有兩種特殊的虹彩：分佈成帶狀且貫穿前後翅之綠色鱗片及位於後翅尾突之青色鱗片，引起我們的興趣。使用光學/電子顯微鏡觀察，可了解鱗片的表面輪廓與內部結構：發現鱗片表面為二維凹洞陣列，而內部為二維光子晶體結構，主要成分是由幾丁質及空氣共同組成的。如此微妙的凹洞二維光子晶體結構，造就了蝴蝶鱗片的特殊結構色及混光效果之成色機制、偏極轉換的光學特性。 此外，利用有限時域差分法(Finite-Difference Time-Domain, FDTD)模擬蝴蝶鱗片的二維光子晶體結構，藉由調變材料特性(消光係數)、結構(膜層厚度、孔洞寬度或堆疊層數)與光源入射角，可模擬出各種色相、亮度或飽和度的反射光譜。並對蝴蝶鱗片的成色機制有完整分析;掌握了結構與光譜的調變機制，可設計出紅、綠、藍三原色光譜，達到預期的色域範圍，應用於顯示器領域。再者，我們利用等效介質法將複雜的二維光子晶體結構，等效成一維多層膜結構，提供一個容易預測結構色的方式。據我們所知，在光源斜向入射下的擬真模擬反射光譜，及可調式二維光子晶體結構的設計應用，目前尚未有文獻完整提出。 除了基本特性量測與模擬設計外，本論文利用聚苯乙烯小球(polystyrene spheres)、感應耦合電漿離子蝕刻技術(Inductively coupled plasma etching)及雙電子槍蒸鍍法，成功仿造出蝴蝶鱗片的凹洞多層膜結構，並具有結構色與偏極轉換的光學特性。 ;In this study, we aim on the research of iridescence green band and cyan tail of the wing on Papilio blumei Fruhstorferi butterfly. The wing scales consist of regular concave multilayer stack that are made from alternating chitin and chitin-air layers. The structural color found in biological systems has complicated nanostructure that it is difficult to determine its color mechanism. The FDTD (Finite-Difference Time-Domain) simulation method can help us to understand the mechanism responsible for structural color on butterfly’s wing. The variable optical constant of material, dimension of structure, and incident angle of light source lead to different reflectance spectrum. Analyze these reflectance spectra can help us to understand the hue, brightness and saturation of structural color on the butterfly wing. Those phenomena have inspired us to obtain tunable structural color by adjusting the dimension of the photonic crystal structure. Consequently, the structural color is the useful technology to reflective display application. Furthermore, the 2D photonic-crystal model can be replaced by an equivalent 1D multilayer model successfully by Bruggeman effective medium approximation. It implies the simple 1D model can be used to predict the butterfly’s color and the reflectance spectrum. Finally, the concave multilayer replica of Papilio blumei butterflies were successfully fabricated mainly by the following three steps：polystyrene spheres self-assembly, electron-beam gun deposition and inductively coupled plasma etching. The concavities array of Papilio blumei butterflies was made from alternating high and low refractive indices multilayer stack (tantalum pentoxide and silicon dioxide). Therefore, the mimic structure, iridescence color and polarization rotation effect of Papilio blumei butterfly has been manufactured and analysed.
