| 摘要: | 人民依法取得之土地所有權，應受法律之保障與限制，為憲法第143條第1項所明定。土地徵收係國家因公共事業之需要，對人民受憲法保障之財產權，經由法定程序予以強制取得之謂，相關法律所規定之徵收要件及程序，應符合憲法第23條所定必要性之原則。我國有關土地徵收之規定散見在各個法規裡，其適用順序依該土地徵收條例第1條土地徵收之規定原則上土地徵收條例優先於土地法適用，至於其他特別法規則優先土地徵收條例適用。
了解條文的適用後，問題在於原土地所有權人究竟應如何提起行政救濟，在法制面即可分為程序權利及實體權利兩個部分。其中程序權利係基於正當法律程序保障而來，使機關侵害人民程序時應踐行相當程序始可合法，另基於憲法第16條有關人民訴訟權之保障，亦應包含人民提起救濟之權利。簡言之，土地徵收之程序權利內涵應包括，被徵收土地人應如何進行救濟，以及在為徵收處分前應踐行那些先行程序始為適法的問題。至於實體權利則係基於法治規定的於符合特定情形得請求返還土地的權利，包含土地徵收之收回權、徵收處分之廢止及撤銷、徵收補償費發放以及殘餘地一併徵收四大面向。
在本論文，為考量因行政救濟的複雜性往往使被徵收土地人不知權利應如何行使，故在整篇論文形塑被徵收土地人就各個權利應提起何種訴訟模式進行分析後，再就現行實務及學理對相關規定爭議作為討論，其中所探討的問題包括土地徵收之先行程序、土地收回權、撤銷及廢止徵收處分、補償費發放以及殘餘地一併徵收等五個面向作為探討。;The protection and restriction of the people′s right to legally acquired land ownership are provided for in Article 143, Paragraph 1, of the Constitution. Expropriations of land are compulsory acquisitions by the government, through lawful procedures, for public utility purposes. The criteria and procedures for expropriation must conform to the principle of necessity stipulated in Article 23 of the Constitution. The provisions about land expropriation in the Republic of China are separated in different regulations. In terms of the order of application, in accordance with Article 1 of the Land Expropriation Act, the Land Expropriation Act prevails over the Land Act and other special regulations prevail over the Land Expropriation Act.
After one understands the application of legal provisions, the question arises as to how the original landowner should seek administrative remedy. The legal system can be divided into two parts: procedural right and substantial right. Procedural right is based on due process of law. Certain procedures must be executed in order to justify the legality of any authority’s infringement against people. Also, the protection of people’s litigation right based on Article 16 of the Constitution should also include the people’s right to seek remedy. In short, the procedural right of land expropriation should include how the person whose land is expropriated should seek remedy and which prerequisite procedures must be carried out before the expropriation in order for the expropriation to be legal. As for substantial right, it refers to the right to seek return of the land under specific situations in accordance with legislations, including four main aspects: land redemption right, cancellation and revocation of expropriation, expropriation compensation, simultaneous expropriation.
In this thesis, considering that owners of expropriated land often do not know how to exercise their rights due to the complexity of administrative remedy, the entire dissertation is designed to first perform analysis as to which litigation model to undertake by owners of expropriated land for each right. Then discussions are undertaken about disagreements on relevant regulations under current practice and academic theory. The contents including five parts: prerequisite procedure, land redemption right, cancellation and revocation of expropriation, expropriation compensation, simultaneous expropriation. |
