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題名: | 營建工地土方工程人機調派 最佳化模式之研究 |
作者: | 劉宏毅;Liu,Hung-Yi |
貢獻者: | 土木工程學系在職專班 |
關鍵詞: | 挖土機開挖;卡車載運;敏感度;最佳化;整數規劃;excavation by excavator;carrying and shipping by truck;sensitivity;optimized;integer planning |
日期: | 2014-07-17 |
上傳時間: | 2014-10-15 14:26:05 (UTC+8) |
出版者: | 國立中央大學 |
摘要: | 摘 要 營建基地土方工程大多由現場工程師或工地主任,根據合約需求或現場具有之資源,依憑個人經驗安排相關進度作業,通常沒辦法以科學的方法來作系統性的分析、比較與評估,因此現場工程師或工地主任之能力及經驗就決定了土方調派工作的成敗,因此利用提高機具的使用率及成本降低,就成為現今土方開挖作業上的重要議題。本研究模式以台灣一般土方工程常見之挖土機開挖配合傾缷卡車載運模式,並考量(1)多塊工地(2)挖土機、卡車工區車輛數量限制(3)工區廢土達載運量即運出(4)機具運至工地有運輸成本無法每日移進移出(5)土壤材質出售價格回饋成本,進行土方工程為研究範圍。建立一套以整數規劃為架構之數學最佳化模式,協助工地管理決策者能對施工機組做統一規劃之派遣,期使衍生之派遣成本為最小化進而增加收益。本研究模式當外在環境及限制條件改變時,可隨時依最新條件來調整參數,重新進行後續挖土機及卡車施工機組之派遣。同時另外針對各種參數的敏感度變化趨勢,主動調整各類相關參數,以因應實際情況變化下之挖土機及傾缷卡車派遣方案。本研究將基本資料及各限制條件訂定出相對應之各限制式參數,將資料以EXCEL2003軟體方式輸入LINGO8.0套裝軟體求解,即可得挖土機開挖及卡車載運所產生之總派遣成本的最佳化結果。本研究模式以營造廠執行建築工程中之土方開挖作業為範例測試,將測試結果和人工經驗決策兩種方式比較,顯示本研究模式成效明顯較優。故本研究模式適用於多種挖土機開挖配合卡車載運之派遣規劃,可做為決策者之重要參考依據。
關鍵字:挖土機開挖、卡車載運、敏感度、最佳化、整數規劃。 ;Abstract Construction of earth excavation projects are mostly conducted by on-site engineers or construction-site managers to perform related arrangements according to the contract requirement or resources available on-site and based on personal experience, which typically cannot be assessed by scientific methods to perform systematic analysis, comparison and evaluation. As a result, the ability and experience of the on-site engineer or construction-site manager play a significant role in deciding the success and failure on the work assignment of earth excavation. Consequently, it is an important issue for the current earth excavation process to increase the usage rate of the machinery and lower costs. This research model uses the conventional model adapted by most earth excavation projects in Taiwan involving the use of excavators for excavation in cooperation with dump trucks for carrying and transportation. The earth excavation project as the scope of this research takes into account the factors of (1) multiple construction sites (2) limitations on the number of excavators and vehicles in the truck construction sites (3) construction site earth disposal is transported out once the volume for carrying and transporting is reached (4) machinery transported to the construction site cannot be moved in and out daily due to transportation costs (5) the price of excavated material sold is counted forward to reduce cost. This research establishes a set of mathematically optimized models by using an integer planning as the structure in order to assist the construction site management decision maker to perform a unified planning on the work assignments for the construction teams in light of minimizing the assignment cost incurred so that profit can be increased. In this research model, when the external environment and the criteria of limitation undergo changes, it is able to adjust the parameters according to the latest criteria in order to perform re-assignments on the construction teams including later excavators and trucks. In addition, at the same time, it is able to actively adjust all types of related parameters based on the trend of the sensitivity change of each parameter in order to establish an assignment solution for the excavators and dump trucks according to changes of the actual conditions. This research uses basic data and criteria of limitations to define corresponding limitation parameters, followed by inputting the data into the LINGO 8.0 software a package via the software method of using EXCEL2003 for solutions. An optimized outcome for a total assignment cost generated by the excavation operations of excavators and the carrying and shipping operations of trucks can be obtained. This research model uses a construction excavation process in a construction project performed by a construction company as an exemplary test, in which the two methods of the test result and the manual experience decision are compared. The results indicate that this research model has obvious advantageous effects. Therefore, this research model is suitable to the assignment planning for various types of excavation operations of excavators in cooperation with truck carrying and transportation, such that it can be used as a significant reference basis for decision makers.
Keywords: excavation by excavator, carrying and shipping by truck, sensitivity, optimized, integer planning |
顯示於類別: | [土木工程學系碩士在職專班] 博碩士論文
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