本文從三部明清經典小說的相關人物，來擧要探討「閒人」群體在文化身份上的辯證意涵，並期待此一個案性揭示能有後續的系譜化建構。 從根源言，此一群體可溯自《周禮》萬民九職之末的「閒民」，所謂「無常」職、「轉」職者也；在「無常」和「轉」所涉的形上辯證方面，可和《說文解字》「閒」、「閑」的引申義互為發明；在職能實踐上，則一方面演變為南宋《都城紀勝》、《夢粱錄》所載諸多本領的幫閒「閒人」，《金瓶梅》即是箇中著例；另一方面又和《世說新語》的「無事」名士、唐宋白居易、蘇軾的「閒人」詩人，發展出「富貴閒人/無事忙」的賈寶玉。至於《水滸傳》，雖不乏「幫閒」閒人，但主體則自許「替天行道」之輩，套用有「三閑」之稱的魯迅說法，實屬閒人中的「幫忙」者。 ;The goals of this essay are by studying the related characters in the three classical novels of the Ming and Qing dynasties to highlight the dialectical interpretation of the culture identity of the‘Xian Ren’（閒人）group and wish the revelation of this case study having the subsequent construction of the genealogy． Back to roots， the group can be traced to the last of nine occupations of the people of the “Zhou li＂(周禮)，‘Xian Min’(閒民)，which means people with no fixed and changing occupations；from a metaphysical dialectic perspective， the no fixed and the changing are inter-inventing with extended meaning of the‘Xian’(閒)of transcending and the‘Xian’(閑)of exclusion in “Shuo Wen Jie Zi”(說文解字)；in the practice of competency， on the one hand，‘Xian Ren’evolved into the competent hanger―ons of “Du Cheng Ji Sheng”（都城紀勝）and“Meng Liang Lu”(夢粱錄)of the Southern Song dynasty，especially of “Shui Hu Zhuan”(水滸傳)；on the other side，“Xian Ren”(閒人)also developed from celebrated scholars of “Shi Shuo Hsin Yu”(世說新語)， the poets of the Tang and Song dynasties like Bai Juyi(白居易) and Su Shi(蘇軾) into Jia Baoyu(賈寶玉)，who is ′rich and honourable idler.′ and fussing for nothing．As for “Shui Hu Zhuan”（水滸傳），the people，who are hanger―ons but refer to themselves as agents to enforce justice on behalf of heaven， should be called ，according to the opinions of Lu Xun(魯迅) nicknamed ‘San Xian’(三閒) of three leisure，the‘Xian Ren’of helper∙
