| 摘要: | 自從2007年7月11日修正通過的身心障礙者權益保障法，明文將庇護工場定位為提供庇護性就業服務之場所，屬於身心障礙者就業類型之一後，庇護工場的定位即從以往的過渡訓練轉變為就業安置。再加上法規內對於庇護工場人員、空間、設備及勞雇關係之要求，使得庇護工場之財務負擔日漸加重，進而引發永續經營之困難。故本研究思考是否可借鏡國外培植庇護工場轉型成工作整合型社會企業之做法，以改善當前我國庇護工場之困境。本研究主要是以文獻分析及深度訪談之研究方法，實際深入瞭解當前台北市與新北市之庇護工場在經營運作上所遭遇之困難，以及其對於轉型之想法與建議，並對於政府機關之相關法規與學者專家之意見進行彙整，試圖將理論與實際做結合，以探討出可行之發展策略。
而在經過研究分析後發現，當前庇護工場普遍面臨財務狀況不良、經營管理不善以及定位不明等問題，因此將有可能導致其在轉型成工作整合型社會企業的過程中，遭遇到政府放手無法生存、理念不合、排擠庇護性人員、喪失初衷、形象以及時機尚未成熟等困境，而各界對於轉型之發展策略亦提供不少建議，大略可分為提升硬體設備、改變經營型態、品質提升、專業經營人員的任用、社政與勞政的合作、提升庇護工場認知度、庇護性人員的轉介，以及設立分類標準並保留庇護工場等，希望藉由本研究之發現與建議，對於日後政府在制定相關政策或法規時能有更全面性的思考。
;Ever since the publishing of Physically and Mentally Disabled Citizens Protection Act amended and proved on July 11th, 2007, sheltered workshops are positioned as the places to provide sheltered employment by the laws, which is one of the channels to employ people with disabilities. The sheltered workshops are transformed into job placement from the originally training during transitional period; besides, due to the requirements for staffs, spaces, equipments and employee-employer relationship at sheltered workshops stipulated in the laws and regulations, the workshops are facing more financial burden and the difficulties in sustainable operation. Therefore, this paper tries to figure out whether we can use the foreign experience in transforming the sheltered workshop into work integration social enterprises (WISEs) for reference, so as to solve the problems in the sheltered workshops currently. With literature review and in-depth interview as its research method, the paper looked into the difficulties in the operation of sheltered workshops at New Taipei City and Taipei City, as well as their opinions and advices for the transformation. Besides, it also sorted out the provisions stipulated in relevant laws and regulations by the government and authorities and opinions of experts and scholars, trying to integrate the theories into the practice, so as to figure out the feasible development strategies.
Through the research and analysis, most of sheltered workshops are facing the problems of poor financial status and operation management and indistinct positioning, so they may suffer the difficulties during the transformation into WISEs, such as unable to survive when the governments let go, improper philosophy, squeezing the staffs at sheltered workshop out, losing its original intention, immature image and timing. There are lots of advices for the development strategies of transformation proposed by people from all circle of life, which can be generally categorized into promotion of hardware equipments, change in management formation, improvement of quality, employment of professional operating personnel, cooperation with social and labor departments, enhancement of cognition of sheltered workshops, referral of sheltered people, establishment of standards of classification and reservation of sheltered workshops. It expects to provide the governments with the findings and advices for reference in formulating relevant policies and regulations. |
