| 摘要: | 指標乃是以現有具代表性之資訊反應整體系統現況，指引系統之成長方向，為了瞭解邁向永續發展時之整體進展，經常藉由「永續指標」作為評估工具。而隨著環境變遷與環境問題的持續惡化，以保護整體環境生態系統為對象，已為世界各國及人類共同追求的目標。在永續發展過程中，水資源是人類生活、經濟、社會的發展息息相關且不可或缺的主要因素，特別對海島型且地狹人稠的台灣地區。因此，就水資源之水庫集水區如何管理，才能達成永續性的目標，將更顯得重要。 本研究就社會、生態及經濟環境三方面列出多項指標，如遊憩人口數、山坡地超限利用面積、居住人口數、固體垃圾棄廢物、生態敏感地、崩塌地面積、水質污染量、水源水質水量保護區面積、綠覆率、土壤沖蝕率、灌溉、供水、道路及經濟產業等14個因子建立指標體系架構，以全台22個重要水庫集水區為對象，利用地理資訊系統將各指標值量化，而各指標項目權重係數採分析層級程序法配合專家問卷調查結果分析而得。 本研究分析結果顯示，正面指標值總分之前五名有新山、蘭潭、烏山頭、德基及仁義潭水庫集水區等，於正面指標的表現較其他水庫集水區好；在負面指標值上，取抑制負面影響效果最佳之前五名，有翡翠、德基、日月潭、石門及西勢水庫集水區等，於負面指標的管制或抑制成果較其他水庫集水區好。以整體現況來看，德基水庫集水區狀況最佳，其次是蘭潭、新山、翡翠、烏山頭水庫集水區等。以相對排名來看，整體平均值為12.36分，大約在11~12名之間，表示在前11名之水庫集水區現況是在平均值之上，也就是說12名以後之水庫集水區現況較差於目前全台水庫集水區現況平均。 Indicator with representative information is capable of displaying whole current situation and providing a developing orientation for the system. “Sustainable indicator”, in common use, is an assessment for understanding the sustainable development. While the continuous aggravation of environmental change, protection of the whole environmental ecosystem has become a major goal of all countries and human beings. During the process for a country to achieve the sustainable development, water resources, an indispensable factor, is tightly linked with the development of our life, economics and community, especially for small island but with large population like Taiwan. Therefore, well management of the water resources of reservoir watersheds for maintaining Taiwan’s sustainability is more momentous than before. The main sustainability subject of this study includes society, ecosystem and economy. Fourteen indicators of reservoir watershed such as the tourist, over-using area of mountainside, resident, solid trash, ecosystem susceptible land, collapse land, pollution of water quality, protect area of water quality and water amount, rate of forest mantle, rate of soil corrasion, irrigation, water supply, road and economy estate were analyzed. Twenty-two important reservoir watersheds in Taiwan were discussed with GIS for quantification of each indicator value and weight of each indicator item comes from AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The result shows that for five watersheds of positive indicators are Hsin-Shan, Lan-Tan, Wu-Shan-Tou, Te-Chi and Jen-Yi-Tan watershed; and the top five of negative-restrained indicators are Fei-Tsui, Te-Chi, Jih-Yuen-Tan, Shin-Men and Shi-Shih reservoir watershed. As the present state of all consideration, the condition of Te-Chi reservoir watershed is the best one. The average of all reservoir watersheds is 12.36, which is among eleventh and twentieth out of twenty-two watersheds. It shows that top elevens are above the average of all reservoir watersheds. In other words, reservoir watersheds that ranking behind twentieth are below the average of all reservoir watersheds. |
