| 摘要: | 負壓隔離病房收容之病患，其疾病具有高度傳染力，包含肺結核、SARS，對於院內人員有相當大之健康風險。至今許多國家在負壓隔離病房之空調設計上已有建造指引與特殊設計規範，包括送排風口位置、送排風量差異、每小時換氣次數以及病房內外之壓力差值等。其中，室內氣流型態與室內負壓為重要之安全指標。
為了檢測現行系統之病房能否有效達到負壓以及隔離的效果，並了解在不同空調與通風條件下之室內流場之特性，本研究以計算流體力學軟體FLUENT15.1建置依台灣目前實際負壓隔離病房之尺寸建置模型，包含病人區，廁所區，前室區，依循負壓隔離病房標準作業手冊之規範，在每小時換氣次數12次之條件下，分為六個模組進行模擬、分析。以期能率定較佳之送風口配置與送風角度，甚至可達到節能的效果，提供未來建置與改善病房實務上之依據。
模擬之結果得以驗證在每小時換氣次數12次條件下，各模組皆可達到良好之負壓效果，但未必能避免病房內汙染物之擴散。模擬結果顯示，送風口配置於側牆以30度送風之模組達到負壓以及隔離之效果最好。
由綜合比較與分析得知，建置良好效能之負壓隔離病房首要應先確保空調之設計能形成良好之室內氣流型態並提供足夠之負壓。;Negative pressure isolation wards accommodating patients affected highly contagious disease, comprising tuberculosis, SARS and so on, result the considerable health risks in the hospital staff.
Up to now, many countries have construct air-conditioning design and construction guidelines for special design specifications, including the supply and exhaust openings, the supply and exhaust amount, ACH, and the pressure difference inside and outside the ward. The indoor airflow patterns and indoor negative pressure is two of the most important indicator of safety.
In order to verify if the existing ward system can achieve the effect of negative pressure and isolation, and to understand the characteristics of the flow field of indoor air under different air conditioning and ventilation.
In this study, use computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT15.1 to build a model according to the size of Taiwan′s current actual negative pressure isolation wards and the wards including the patient area, toilet area, front room area. In the mean while, the setting of parameters follows the negative pressure isolation wards specification standard operating manuals. Under conditions of ACH 12 times, this study is divided into six modules to simulate and analyze to rate preferred set of configuration and air outlet angle, even can save energy. The results can provide basis for future deployment and improvement of ward.
Our verification for each module shows that, the negative pressure achieving good results, but may not be able to avoid the diffusion of pollutants within the ward.
The simulation results show that air outlet is disposed in the side wall supplying at a 30 degree modules achieving the best effect of negative pressure and isolation.
By a comprehensive comparison and analysis that, to establish a negative pressure isolation wards good performance of the primary should ensure that the air conditioning can be formed in a well-designed interior airflow patterns. Furthermore, the negative pressure is adequate. |
