國軍「黑貓中隊」之研究（1961-1974）;A Research on the “Black Cat Squadron” of the ROC Air Force(1961-1974)

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题名:	國軍「黑貓中隊」之研究（1961-1974）;A Research on the “Black Cat Squadron” of the ROC Air Force(1961-1974)
作者:	王碧君;Wang,Bi-jyun
贡献者:	歷史研究所在職專班
关键词:	U-2;黑貓中隊;快刀計畫;地空導彈;U-2;Black Cat Squadron;Project RAZOR;Surface-to-Air Guided Missile
日期:	2016-07-21
上传时间:	2016-10-13 14:51:39 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	1950 年代,美蘇的對峙,冷戰氛圍日熾,美國亟於偵蒐蘇聯、中共的戰略情報在韓戰的失利。因此,一架航行於7萬呎高空的U-2偵察機應運而生,為美國帶回敵方最新的戰略情資。美國的U-2偵察機歸屬於中情局,機密性便不在話下。而 U-2如入無人之境般地飛入蘇聯的領空,進行偵察,引起蘇聯的不滿。1960年的「包爾斯事件」讓蘇聯終於一吐怨氣,嚴厲譴責美國,並遏止U-2再度穿越其領空。美國失去探知社會主義陣營領導者的機會。與此同時,中共加緊推動核武的發展, 美國乃將U-2偵察的重點轉移至中國大陸,但為避免重演「包爾斯事件」,乃策劃與中華民國合作。1961年,中美簽訂〈快刀計畫〉,一支中美混血合作的空軍部隊就此成立。這支隊伍以身輕躡足的黑貓為精神表徵,也傳達了任務的特性── 神秘。「黑貓中隊」是由中華民國空軍的菁英所組成,駕著U-2偵察機穿梭大陸, 探察著中共的一舉一動,執行著艱鉅的任務。解放軍的地空導彈部隊是「黑貓中隊」的天敵,在13年間共擊落了5架U-2,造成3名黑貓隊員殉職,2名黑貓隊員被俘。1974年,〈快刀計畫〉終止,黑貓就此解散。曾為中美合作奉獻犧牲的「黑貓中隊」,共執行了200多次的任務,折損了中華民國空軍菁英10名,寫下中華民國空軍可歌可泣的歷史。;As a result of the confrontation between the US and the Soviet Union in the 1950s, the US military desired better strategic aerial reconnaissance to in order to determine the Soviet’s capabilities and intentions. Unde this circumstance, the U-2 which could cruise well at 70,000 feet to collect the latest military strategic information from the Soviet Union was launched. The U-2 program was operated by the CIA, and as such this project was conducted with extreme confidentiality. The U-2 performed their missions by entering the territorial air space of the Soviet Union to collect military information. This act infuriated the Soviet Union government. The Powers Incident which took place in the 1960s allowed the Soviet Union to severely reprimand the deed of the US government and forcefully forbid the U-2 to fly over its territorial air space. Therefore, the US government lost their chance to inquire military information from the Soviet Union. Meanwhile, the People’s Republic of China(PRC) promoted their development of nuclear weapons, so the US government turned its survey target to the PRC by cooperating with the ROC, attempting to incidence such as the Powers.In 1961, the US and the ROC signed up the Project RAZOR, and an united air force of American and Chinese was founded. Spiritually symbolized as a black cat, this conveyed the characteristics of their mission-mystery. The “Black Cat Squadron” consisted of elites from the air force of the ROC, which flew the U-2 to collect information regarding the military actions of the PRC. Their missions were arduous and challenging.The biggest enemy of the “Black Cat Squadron” was the Surface-to-Air-Guided Missile of the PRC. It crushed down a total of 5 U-2, killed 3 pilots and captivated 2 pilots from the “Black Cat Squadron” within 13years.The Project RAZOR was terminated and the “Black Cat Squadron” was dismissed in 1974. In total, the “Black Cat Squadron” conducted more than 200 missions through which 10 elites was sacrificed. This is a glorious history of the ROC Air Force.
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