| 摘要: | 面板製程之有害物暴露評估
-以A廠為例
摘要
顯示器問世帶來便利與樂趣，讓資訊可快速傳遞，其製造過程使用化學品種類及數量甚多，部分化學品為有害物，不當的暴露於有害物之工作環境將影響勞工的安全與健康。為預防職業災害發生，本研究以國內某一面板廠為研究對象（以A廠表示），該廠以定期實施作業環境監測進行化學物質暴露評估，但此作法未能評估廠內所有有害物，導致有害物未經客觀暴露評估可能衍生安全衛生及費用等問題。本研究導入風險導向暴露評估方法分別為化學品分級管理及飽和蒸氣壓模式評估勞工暴露於化學品之健康危害情況，補足先前未被監測之有害物管理。首先以危害辨識了解廠內有害物安全資料與勞工暴露於有害物環境對勞工可能產生的危害，再以三種暴露評估方法包括作業環境監測、化學品分級管理與飽和蒸氣壓模式評估廠內有害物。作業環境監測結果顯示單一有害物監測值遠低於容許濃度，計算無塵室有害物相加效應亦小於1，符合法規要求。作業環境監測結果顯示於現場管理方法下，空氣中銦、異丙醇與丙酮未於預期濃度範圍，其與使用量及改善措施有關。風險導向暴露評估結果顯示Module製程有害物管理方法未達要求，其風險接受度仍待改進。比較各暴露評估方法之結果，了解化學品分級管理可替代作業環境監測，飽和蒸氣壓模式評估有害物管理方法等級較低，即可有效控制有害物濃度，適合使用在非致癌物質評估管理。檢視防護具使用規範，發現直接暴露有害物防護具使用不足，應加強危害通識教育訓練。
關鍵字：有害物、暴露評估、作業環境監測、化學品分級管理、飽和蒸氣壓模式。;Assessment of Exposure to Hazardous Substances of LCD Process
- a Case Study of Manufacturer A
Abstract
The development of LCD makes our life more convenient and interesting, so that information can be spread quickly. The manufacturing process uses many kinds and large amounts of chemicals, some of which are hazardous substances. Improper exposure to hazardous substances in the working environment will affect labors’ safety and health. To prevent occupational injuries, this study aims at a LCD manufacturer (represented by manufacturer A) which implements regular working environment monitoring to assess chemical exposure. However, this way fails to assess all hazardous substances and some hazardous substances may cause problems of safety, health and cost without objective assessment. This study proposes risk-oriented exposure assessment methods including chemical control banding and saturated vapor pressure mode to assess labors’ exposure and health situation, and to complement management of hazardous substances which lack monitoring methods. First, we use hazard identification to understand the safety information of hazardous substances used in factory and the possible hazards to labors exposed to hazardous environment, and then, use the three exposure assessment methods (working environment monitoring, chemical control banding and saturation vapor pressure model) to assess the risk of hazardous substances. The result of working environment monitoring shows that the monitored value of a single hazardous substance is far below the permissible exposure limits and the calculated additive effect of hazardous substances in cleanroom is also less than 1, which conforms with the regulatory requirements. The result of working environment monitoring shows that under current management the contents of Indium, isopropyl alcohol and acetone are not within the expected concentration range, and it is associated with the usage amount and the improved measures. Result of risk-oriented exposure assessment shows that current methods of hazardous substances management adopted for module process can’t meet the requirement, so the risk acceptance still need to be improved. Comparing the results of various exposure assessment methods, we understand chemical control banding may be applied to substitute the working environment monitoring, and the management methods of hazardous substances assessment by saturation vapor pressure model is at a lower level which can effectively control the concentration of hazardous substances and is suitable for noncarcinogenic substances management. Examining the regulation of protective equipment usage, we find that the use of protective equipment is insufficient when exposing to hazardous substances directly. We should strengthen the education training program of hazard communication to further reduce the workers’ risk.
Keywords: hazardous substances, exposure assessment, working environment monitoring, chemical control banding, saturation vapor pressure model. |
