| 摘要: | 老子以「正言若反」、「詭辭為用」的方式，言道之形上意義，此種言說方式，衍生各種詮釋的角度，五千言開闊閱讀理解的空間。然而，在眾多詮釋系統何種能真正符合老子原意呢？本文透過老子的譬喻運用並藉助哲學詮釋理論，從「語言」本身探討老子言道的方式。「形上哲學」透過「語言」的傳達，如何呈現「道」自身？老子獨特言道方式展現語言的詭辭辯證，此「道與形反」的思想應以「遮撥」方式釐清，才能有助於掌握老子所言，「常道」本身是存在於事物反面的真理，即老子所謂「反者道之動，弱者道之用」。而老子也透過直觀具象譬喻性語言，以水、嬰兒、谷、玄牝、橐籥、車輪、陶器、房屋等幫助吾人理解道之抽象哲理，以澄清語言的運用與限制，再逐步掌握老子《道德經》哲學思想脈絡。從「語言」進行「道」的詮釋與反思，同時透過王弼注老「崇本息末」的思想為主，反思老子透過語言傳達形上哲學的最終理想，便是復守「常道」之「無為」與「自然」，以做為吾人道德實踐的根源，進一步探討儒道道德實踐工夫。換言之，從老子語言哲學試探老子道之形上性格的過程，顯現老子之道本身與從當代詮釋老學分化的的基本形態，釐清老子「道」超越性形上玄理，究竟是唐君毅先生似主張「客觀實體形態」，抑或是牟宗三先生的「主觀境界形態」較為接近老子之道？或者二者其實並非是衝突不可會通的。
;Laozi′s "Straightforward Words Seem Backwards" and "quibbling" manner, the speaking way of metaphysical philosophy rises to various kinds of angles of interpretation. 5,000 words broaden the space of reading comprehension. However, among a large number of annotation systems , which truly meets the Laozi′s intention? Through Laozi’s speaking language and metaphor used by philosophical hermeneutics, the thesis investigates the speaking way of Lao Tzu from the "language" itself. "Metaphysical philosophy" through "language" of convey, how does it represent "Tao" ? Loazi’s unique speaking way reveals the dialectical Paradox of language , this "Tao and shaped anti-" of thought should keep "cover dial" way clear, to help what Laozi says , "Tao " itself exists on things opposite of the truth, that Laozi called "opposite Tao of moving, weak Tao of using". Through the intuitive language of figurative metaphor, with water, baby, Valley, the Mystic, a range of key, wheel, pottery, housing. This helps our understanding of abstract philosophy to clarify the use and limitations of language, to master the philosophy of Laozi′s daodejing context. From the "language" to "rule" explanations and reflection, while the Wang BI′s old "advocating end of principal and interest" and reflects on Laozi’s language which conveys the ultimate ideal of metaphysical philosophy. It is a complex defense "Tao", " non-action"and" self-so" to serve as the root cause of moral practice, and to further explore the ethical practices of Confucianism and Taoism. In other words, from the language philosophy which tests the road of shaped Shang character of process, it reveals that the way itself and from contemporary it interprets Laozi’s differentiation of of basic form. Who clears "Tao" is beyond metaphysics ? Mr. Tang junyi of "objective entity form", or Mr. Mou Zong-San′s of "subjective realm form" ? or both forms actually are not conflict . |
