非接觸式雙電感植牙穩固度檢測裝置設計製作暨驗證研究;Design and Validation of Non-contact Dual Inductor Detection Device for Dental Implant Stability Assessment

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Title:	非接觸式雙電感植牙穩固度檢測裝置設計製作暨驗證研究;Design and Validation of Non-contact Dual Inductor Detection Device for Dental Implant Stability Assessment
Authors:	林修白;Lin, Shiou-Bair
Contributors:	生物醫學工程研究所
Keywords:	植牙;骨整合;共振頻率法;電磁感測器;電感;Implant;Osseointegration;Resonance Frequency;Electromagnetic Sensor;Inductor
Date:	2017-04-21
Issue Date:	2017-05-05 17:14:30 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	早期藉由假牙置換的方式對恆齒缺損的病患進行治療，有可能產生齒槽骨萎縮等問題，故後來逐漸發展成利用人工牙根的植牙手術。依據臨床上的經驗，普遍認為術後的骨整合程度 (植體穩固度) 為手術成功與否的關鍵。針對長期觀測骨整合程度的議題，本研究著重於設計製作一個非侵入、非接觸式的植牙術後穩固度檢測裝置，其具有簡易電路設計、小體積、手持式等優點，且可藉由提供客觀量化的數值，以建立有效評估方式，協助臨床牙醫師即時治療，降低手術失敗的風險。當一棒狀物鎖附於植體上時，可視為懸臂梁結構。當該懸臂梁結構的骨整合情況越好，意即剛性越強，則共振頻率上升；反之，則下降。本檢測裝置藉由將頻率範圍200至10 kHz的交流小波訊號輸入至電感中，使之產生交互變化的磁力激振結構物後，基於法拉第電磁感應定律，同樣以電感感應磁通量變化的情形產生感應電動勢，並透過頻率響應函數計算後，獲得該懸臂梁結構的共振頻率，即可判定骨整合情況之好壞。此外，另撰寫人機介面可適當調整實驗相關參數，並即時將量測過程中得到的每筆數據顯示於螢幕上，而在量測結束後會得到一個最終平均值及標準差，代表該次測量結果。本研究在體外人造骨塊的實驗結果中顯示，無論植體與齒槽骨之間是否含有介面組織，該結構物的共振頻率，皆因植體周圍環境的剛性增加而上升；在體內白兔脛骨實驗中，編號1及2的白兔因初始穩固度較低，而導致手術失敗；編號3至5的白兔皆觀察到結構物的共振頻率值隨著時間的推移，呈現上升的趨勢，表示其骨整合情況良好。綜合以上實驗結果，可推論初始穩固度對於植牙手術的成功與否有極大的影響。隨著時間的推移，穩固度將由植體周圍介面組織所提供。本檢測裝置亦藉由簡易電路設計達成縮小體積、手持式設計的目標，且其檢測結果可真實反應骨整合之趨勢變化。 ;Previously, the treatment for patients with permanent tooth defects was treated by denture replacement, but this way may cause the alveolar bone atrophy or other problems. Nowadays, the way to solve this kind of problem is developed into using the artificial tooth to replace the permanent tooth through dental implant operation. From the clinical experience of dental implant surgery, it is generally believed that the osseointegration (postoperative implant Stability) is the key to a successful surgery. In this study, the target is to establish an effective way to assess the dental implant stability. This study focuses on developing an objective, quantitative, non-invasive and non-contact dental implant stability detection device that is expected to reduce the risk of surgical failure. In addition, the detection device is designed with the advantage of a simple electric circuit, small size and hand-held. If the magnetic rod is fixed on the implant, we can consider that the structure looks like a cantilever beam. The resonance frequency (RF) of this beam increases if the material stiffness around the structure increases. When the rod is excited by the detection device, it will vibrate and influence the magnetic field around the structure, then causes the magnetic motive force (MMF). The detection device will receive the MMF and compare with the reference signal, then we can get the RF of this structure. From in vitro/in vivo experiments, the results can prove that the RF will increase when the material stiffness around the dental implant increases. So, we suggest that the primary stability is the key to a successful surgery, and our detection device can truly reflect the trend in osseointegration.
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