| 摘要: | 本論文以效益主義的觀點審視飲食倫理，從食物來源的認知進行分析，申論正確的飲食抉擇，以及省思飲食所涉及動物福利、環境倫理等課題，同時從全球在地的飲食文化，思考我們的文化傳統和哲學思維的飲食效益。飲食是個人偏好的表現，當我們談論飲食種種現象或議題時，基本上已將此種偏好隱含在效益的計算中。偏好效益主義乃以古典效益主義為基礎發展而來，特別凸顯公平的利益考量，並推及公平範圍到有感知能力的動物，因此是一個很相應於飲食倫理分析的理論。
根據辛格的偏好效益主義的分析，本文指出肉食傷及動物生命，造成動物痛苦，違反其生存利益，再者，人們並不應該以動物生命的重要利益來滿足口腹之慾的小利益。植物不能感受痛苦，食素相對較無道德上的疑慮。本文進一步從效益論的觀點分析全球化的飲食倫理。全球化所形成的功效是巨大的。大型企業的掌控、政府組織的監管力量，對於飲食安全、環境衛生俱有決定性的影響。據效益的考量，現代人在追求經濟發展，便利的飲食生活之際，還應顧及個人健康的自覺與環境倫理的責任。飲食效益追求的是符合自然之道的食物生產方式，例如有機農耕使生物互利共生，當季的作物、在地的食材、多蔬食的選擇，更加省能減碳，符合健康效益。本文也主張提升剩食的效益，減少浪費的簡樸飲食，以符合利益平等考量的原則，落實飲食倫理的選擇。
;This paper examines dietary ethics from the point of view of preference utilitarianism, analyzes the issue from our knowledge of our food source, expounding the correct diet choice, and reflections on the utilities of diet involved in animal welfare, environmental ethics and other issues. As well as the glocalization of diet culture, and the dietary efficence of our cultural and philosophical traditions. Diet is a personal preference, when we talk about all kinds of phenomena or issues in our eating, hence preferences have already been implied in the calculation. Peter Singer’s preference utilitarianism is based on classical utilitarianism with special emphasis on fair consideration of interest, and extends to the sentient animals, so it is a very appropriate theory for diet ethical analysis.
According to Singer′s preference utilitarianism, eating animals causing them suffer and violating their benefit. People should not hurt the important interest of animal to meet our appetite. Plants are not sentient, vegetarianism is relatively of less moral misgivings. This dissertation examines further from the perspective of globalization. The manipulation of international enterprises, the regulatory power of government organizations, of food safety and environmental health. In the pursuit of economic development and convenience of obtaining food, we should also take into account our responsibility of health environmental ethics. Effective diet is in line with the natural way of food production, such as organic farming, biological symbiosis, seasonal crops, local food supply, the choice of vegetables with energy-saving or carbon reduction, so as to enhance a healthy way of live. It argues that enhancing the utility of leftover food, reducing waste with a simple diet, are actions in line with the principle of equal consideration of interests, are ways in implementation of effective diet ethics.
Keywords: preference utilitarianism, Singer, diet ethics, glocalization, local food supply, vegan. |
