| 摘要: | 摘要
1926 年，在「中山艦事件」之前，蔣中正掌握了國民黨數個重要軍職，集
黃埔軍校校長、國民革命軍第一軍軍長、廣州衛戍司令、軍事委員會委員、國民
黨中央常務委員等職務於一身，然而他並沒有掌握到黨政系統的核心權力。當時
國民黨的核心理念是「以黨領政，以政治軍」，蔣中正雖擁軍事實權，但無法掌
握黨政大權。於此之際，內憂外患頻仍，為了有效對付政敵，蔣中正決心效法當
時國勢日強的德義二國，並分別派了日後成為軍統、中統的骨幹成員前往德義兩
國「取經」。為了更有效打擊共產黨勢力，在國民黨組織內，蔣中正成立了「黨
務調查科」。
創建「黨務調查科」的是當時蔣中正身邊的機要科科長陳立夫，在蔣中正的
授意下，「黨務調查科」於 1926 年成立了。起初，「黨務調查科」只是國民黨內
一個行政單位，職司調查國民黨黨員以及「聯俄容共」後的共產黨黨員之人身相
關調查，尚未具備整肅政敵的特務功能。執掌中統最久的領導人便是陳氏兄弟的
表親、同為 C.C 派的徐恩曾。
徐恩曾從「黨務調查科」開始，到最後因陷入政治鬥爭而下台結束為止，擔
任國民黨的特務首腦長達十五年。期間歷經「黨務調查科」的改組成為「特工總
部」，因而被同事稱為「特工老闆」，以及到後來陳立夫被蔣中正派去擔任教育部
長後，「特工總部」搖身一變成為「中央調查統計局」(簡稱中統)，對於國民黨
在大陸時期的特務勢力發展具有重要的影響力。
;Xu En-Zeng: A study in the Rise and Fall of the CBIS, 1926-1945
Abstract
Prior to “the Zhongshan Warship Incident” (1926), Chiang Kai-shek had
occupied several important military positions, such as the president of Huangpu
Military Academy (1924), the commander of the 1st Army Group of National
Revolutionary Army (1925), the commander of the Guangzhou Garrison (1925), and
being members of Military Affairs Commission (1924) and the Central Standing
Committee (1926). However, he did not obtain the central power of the party and the
government administration. At that time, the key principle of Kuomintang (KMT) was
that: “the Party leads the state; and the state leads the army.” That is to say, although
Chiang gained military power, he could not have real authority in the party and the
government. In this period of time, internal troubles and external threats were frequent.
To fight effectively against his political opponents, Chiang decided to imitate the two
emerging powers, German and Italy. He sent people, who later became key staff
members of the Central Bureau of Investigation and Statistics (CBIS) and the
National Bureau of Investigation and Statistics (NBIS), to learn respectively from
these two countries.
Furthermore, to defeat the forces of the Communist Party, Chiang
suggested the creation of the Party Affairs Investigation Section (1927), established
by his confidential secretary, Chen Li-fu. In the beginning, the Party Affairs
Investigation Section was only an administrative unit, being responsible of the
investigation of KMT members and the Communist Party members who had an
alliance with Russia; this administrative unit had no function to purge political
opponents. Xu En-zeng, cousin of Chen Li-fu as well as a CC Clique member, was
the longest-ruling leader of the Party Affairs Investigation Section.
Xu En-zeng had been the head of KMT secret agent for about fifteen
years since the period of the Party Affairs Investigation Section. The political struggle
had brought an end to his agent career. During his incumbency, the Party Affairs
Investigation Section had been reshuffled to “the headquarters of the agent.” Xu was
then called “the chief of the agent”. The headquarters had not been changed into the
Central Bureau of Investigation and Statistics (CBIS) until Chiang Kai-shek
appointed Chen Li-fu as the Minister of Education. Xu had great influence on the
development of the agent during KMT rule in China.
Key words: Xu En-zeng、Chiang Kai-shek、the Party Affairs Investigation Section、
Chen Li-fu, the Central Bureau of Investigation and Statistics (CBIS) |
