| 摘要: | 國際標準組織公布的 ISO14000 系列標準是目前企業組織推行環境管理的主
要工具，因各個企業組織均有其自身之背景及特色，故環境管理作法也會有所不
同，企業應建構合適自身之環境管理制度，以滿足利害相關者訴求並使環境管理
工作推行順遂，本研究為探討廢棄物處理業之環境管理現況，以非處集中管理地
點(如：環保園區)之業者為對象，由個案企業近 4 年環境績效統計，並對其利害
相關者進行訪談，藉由環境績效及訪談結果，分析本產業所建構之環境管理制度
合適性以及驗證其環境管理成效，環境管理推行過程會面臨內外部不同面向的壓
力，研究結果發現，外部壓力是影響本產業環境管理工作的主要來源，其中又以
居民及環保機關影響層面最大，足以使企業之營運產生重大衝擊並令決策者改變
其環境管理策略，而管理績效影響個案營運的程度更甚於操作績效，此為本產業
與其他行業之主要差異，個案公司依居民之期待施行相關之改善措施後發現，管
理績效指標方面環保罰單件數降低 34%、罰單金額降低 61.17%；環保機關稽查
缺失降低 59.4%；操作績效指標方面製程效率在產品品質、產率、能資源耗用等
項目亦有正面成效，相關議題之訪談結果皆獲得居民正向回應，並發掘出其他有
助於未來企業推行環境管理工作的參考意見，顯示居民期待所施行之環境管理措
施，確實有較佳之環境績效表現，也有利於企業營運順遂，由於國內目前另有 27%
相關業者位處環保園區，影響其執行環境管理工作的因素未必與個案相同，另外
環境管理工作的推行方法眾多，本研究以環境管理系統及環境績效觀點探討個案
之環境管理成效，建議未來研究者可針對環保園區內之業者為對象，或是以環境
會計、環境風險及其有關觀念進行後續研究，以評估與本研究之差異性並建立更
多相關資料，使本產業環境管理工作探討更加完整。;The standard of ISO14000 published by International Standard
Organization has become the main tool for enterprises and organizations to
implement environmental management. Each enterprise has its own
backgrounds and characteristic, therefore, it will be different for environmental
management practices. Enterprises must construct their own environmental
management system to satisfy stakeholders and make related works smoothly.
This thesis is to study the current status of environmental management of the
waste processing industry and with the main objects which are not in centralized
management spots, e.g., the environmental science and technology parks. This
study shows the results of the environmental management performance statistics
of nearly four years for the case industry and interviews with their stakeholders
accordingly. It will face different pressures from both internal and external
aspects during the process of environmental management. From this study it is
found that external pressure is the main source of environmental management
that affects the industry of resource recovery. Among them, residents nearby and
environmental protection agencies affect far and more. They will even cause big
impacts on industry operations. Nevertheless, management performance affects
far more than operation performance for the case of waste processing industry,
which is the main differences between the case industry and other industry. It is
found that in the management performance aspect the environmental protection
penalty is reduced by 34%, 61.17% reduction for the amount of penalty, and
59.4% reduction for government inspection deficiency. In the operation
performance aspect, it shows positive results in manufacture efficiency, e.g.,
III
product quality, yield, energy resource consumption, and etc. Therefore, it is
concluded that measures taken for environmental management based on resident
expectations will have not only better environmental management performance
but also help smooth operation for enterprises. Because there is still 27% of
waste processing industry in the environmental science and technology parks,
the factors affecting related works of environmental management will not be
similar to the case industry studied. In addition, there are many ways to
implement environmental management, this study is focusing on the points of
environmental management system and environmental performance to explore
their environmental management for the case industry of waste processing. It is
suggested that the future research objects can be changed to and focused on the
waste processing industry in the area of the environmental science and
technology parks. Also it is suggested that the future researches can be focused
on environmental accounts, environmental risks, and other related concepts to
evaluate the differences with the case in this study and build more related
materials to let the study of environmental management works more completely. |
