危害管理是預防災害發生的關鍵因素，而危害分析則是危害管理的第一步驟。為了讓危害管理能有效執行，必須於製程啟動前，將製程參與作用的組成納入考量，並評估有效的管理方法。職業安全衛生法或有關於職業安全衛生管理文獻中皆提及危害分析與管理制度的重要，卻無具體可行事前危害分析與管理的方法。因此，本研究將發展一套以系統方法為基礎之事前危害分析與管理方法。製程啟動前，將製程逐步解構至實體層(元件)，以確認其危害作用機制並評估可能造成的影響程度及擬訂事前預防設施，運用決策樹推估各項預防設施可能達到之效益高低程度供決策者參考；若危害發生則透過事前擬訂之之緊急應變措施降低危害影響程度，並於應變行動之後執行事後補救措施。本研究利用鋼箱樑製程為案例，應用本方法能於製程啟動前分析製程中可能發生的危害因素並執行事前、事中及事後管理。研究結果顯示，本研究所發展之事前危害分析與管理方法能於鋼箱樑製程啟動前，分析鋼箱樑製程可能發生的危害因素並擬訂預防設施，提供決策者選擇最佳效益之方案；分析危害不幸發生時所需之應變資源及災害發生後迅速進行補救以復原製程運作。;Hazard management is the key factor in accident prevention. And hazardanalysis is the first step of hazard management. To implement effective hazard management, manufacturing processes related personnel and activities must be first taken into consideration followed by evaluation of the effectiveness of management approach.. Laws and regulations or most of the guidelines mention the importance of hazard analysis and management system. But there is no reliable and feasible methodology for hazard analysis and management prior to the construction and operation of a manufacturing process. Therefore, this study aims to developa systemsapproach for prior-commissioning hazard analysis and methods of management. From the construction and operation of a manufacturing process, break down the manufacturing process progressively to physical layers or components to confirm the mechanism of hazard creation and estimate the possible level of consequences and draft precautionary measures. Decision trees can be used to estimate each precautionary measure’s benefits to offer possible options to decision makers. This will reduce the influencing degrees of hazard through emergency response if hazardous events occur.After emergency response, incident investigation can be executed to identify the root causes of the incident and to design the corrective actions. This study uses the manufacturing process of steel box girder as an example. Utilization of the proposed method can analyze the hazard factors which have probably existed in the manufacturing process for quite some time. The analysis results can be used to design the management approaches prior to, during and after the occurrence of a hazardous event. The proposed methodology can also be used to analyze the adequacy of necessary contingency resources and to investigate the root causes of incidents in order to design and implement corrective actions and to reduce the consequences of hazardous events.
