應用無機聚合物技術探討都市垃圾焚化飛灰 無害化之可行性研究;Feasibility of Detoxification of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator (MSWI) Fly Ash by Geopolymer

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Title:	應用無機聚合物技術探討都市垃圾焚化飛灰無害化之可行性研究;Feasibility of Detoxification of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator (MSWI) Fly Ash by Geopolymer
Authors:	李怡華;Lei, Yi Hua
Contributors:	環境工程研究所
Keywords:	無機聚合物;都市焚化飛灰;陶瓷纖維棉;洗砂污泥;無害化;Geopolymer;MSWI fly ash;ceramic fiber;silt;detoxification
Date:	2018-01-29
Issue Date:	2018-04-13 11:31:54 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	本研究嘗試應用無機聚合物技術，探討都市垃圾焚化飛灰無害化之可行性，研究過程藉由添加陶瓷纖維棉(5~20%)及洗砂場污泥(25~100%)等調質劑，調整反應材料間之矽鋁比，同時改變不同鹼性活化劑種類(如KOH及NaOH)、萃取時間(0.5~2小時)、養護溫度與濕度等條件，除評估焚化飛灰無害化之成效外，亦期改善無機聚合物可能衍生之白霜問題及提升無機聚合物的機械特性。研究結果顯示，在矽鋁比(Si/Al)控制在1.88，及控制養護溫度(20℃)與濕度 (65%)的條件下，無機聚合物試體表面的白霜現象明顯減少，且無機聚合物試體之抗壓強度可達30.5±1.7 kgf/cm2。研究進一步探討陶瓷纖維棉及洗砂場污泥的添加量，對焚化飛灰無害化及無機聚合物之機械性能的影響，結果顯示添加陶瓷纖維棉對提升機械性能有較佳的效果，無機聚合物試體之抗壓強度隨陶瓷纖維棉添加比例的增加而增加，其中當添加20%陶瓷纖維棉及使用鹼性活化劑KOH的試驗條件下，無機聚合物試體強度可達到49.4±2.2 kgf/cm2。萃取時間有助於無機聚合物之反應，其中萃取時間增加，無機聚合物之抗壓強度亦有增加的現象，當萃取時間增加為2 小時，無機聚合物之抗壓強度可達到68.5±8.9 kgf/cm2。焚化飛灰無害化成效的試驗分析結果顯示，以鹼性活化劑KOH、添加20 %陶瓷纖維棉及萃取兩小時的試驗條件為例，戴奧辛溶出毒性當量濃度，由原焚化飛灰的1.68 ng I-TEQ/g，降低至無機聚合物之0.44 ng I-TEQ/g，不僅符合法規管制標準之要求外，戴奧辛之破壞去除率亦達74.12 %。此外，無機聚合物試體之重金屬毒性溶出濃度分析結果，亦均遠低於法規管制標準。整體而言，根據本研究初步研究之成果，已成功驗證無機聚合物技術，可有效降低焚化飛灰重金屬及戴奧辛之溶出濃度，達到無害化之預期目標，未來極具有開發與應用的潛力。;This research investigates the feasibility of non-hazardous treatment of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash by using geopolymer. The ceramic fiber (0~20%) and silt generated from gravel washing plant (25%~100%) were used as amendments to adjust Si/Al ratio of geopolymer. The alkaline activate agents (sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide), extraction time (30~120 minutes), curing temperature and humidity were also discussed. Meanwhile, to improve the efflorescence of geopolymer and to enhance the mechanic strengths of geopolymer were major objectives of this research. The experimental results showed the efflorescence in geopolymer was significantly eliminated and compressive strength was reached to 30.5±1.7 kgf/cm2 under the Si/Al ratio controlled at 1.88 and cured at 20℃ and 65% of humidity. Ceramic fiber was used as amendment could effectively enhance the mechanic strength of geopolymer. That is, the compressive strength of geopolymer was increased with an increase in ceramic fiber addition. In the case of 20 % ceramic fiber addition and KOH used as alkaline active agent, the compressive strength of geopolymer was approximately 49.4±2.2 kgf/cm2 at 28 curing days. Extraction time was also a critical parameter for evaluating performance of geopolymer. When the extraction time increased to 120 minutes, the compressive strength of geopolymer was increased to 68.5±8.9 kgf/cm2 at 28 curing days. On the other hand, in the case of detoxification of MSWI fly ash, the PCDD/Fs toxic equivalent quotient (TEQ) concentration of MSWI fly ash was significantly decreased from 1.68 ng I-TEQ/g to 0.44 ng I-TEQ/g by geopolymer controlled at KOH addition, 20 % ceramic fiber amendment and extraction time 120 minutes. It could not only comply with current Taiwan regulation thresholds, but also destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of PCDD/Fs could approximately reach to 74.12%. Meanwhile, all tested heavy metals TCLP concentrations of geopolymer were also all in compliance with current Taiwan regulation thresholds. In summary, this study has successfully conducted the reduction in leaching concentrations of tested heavy metals and dioxin in MSWI fly ash, and that resulted in the detoxification of MSWI fly ash by geopolymer technology. Geopolymer technology could be good potential for development and application of MSWI fly ash detoxification in the future.
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