隨著全球化的趨勢以及資通訊科技的進步，越來越多企業透過網路連結不同區域的人才組成虛擬團隊協助企業執行專案。虛擬團隊具有團隊成員地理鄰近度低的特性，並且成員間較難形成友誼關係，為探討鄰近度與友誼氛圍對虛擬團隊的影響，本研究透過鄰近度理論與友誼氛圍進行實證與討論。本研究透過問卷調查的方式，以有虛擬團隊工作經驗的工作者作為研究對象作為研究對象，共回收159份問卷，其中有效問卷達143份，有效問卷率為89.93%。本研究透過偏最小平方法進行數據分析與模型驗證，實證結果顯示，從鄰近度的角度來看，組織鄰近度對虛擬團隊知識分享有正向顯著關係；認知鄰近度以及制度鄰近度對虛擬團隊知識分享沒有顯著關係；認知鄰近度與組織鄰近度對虛擬團隊吸收能力有正向顯著關係；制度鄰近度對虛擬團隊吸收能力沒有顯著關係。而從友誼氛圍的觀點中，可以了解信任、互助與尊重對虛擬團隊知識分享；信任與互助對虛擬團隊吸收能力有正向顯著關係，而尊重對虛擬團隊吸收能力則沒有正向顯著關係。最後，虛擬團隊的知識分享與吸收能力對科技創新有正向顯著的關係，對非科技創新則沒有顯著關係。;With the progress of information technology, enterprises start to connect their team members by virtual task team. However, team members are difficult to share or absorb knowledge among the virtual task team because its team members do not have similar background or enough familiarity. Therefore, this study develops an explanatory model to explain how proximity and friendship climate affect innovation of virtual teams mediated by knowledge sharing and absorptive capacity. This study collects 159 samples by internet questionnaires; however, only 143 （89.33%） samples are valid. In this study, the partial least squares was used to verify the results. The empirical results show that organizational proximity has significant positive effect on knowledge sharing, while cognitive proximity and institutional proximity do not have significant effect on knowledge sharing. Cognitive proximity and organizational proximity have significant positive effect on absorptive capacity, while institutional proximity does not have significant effect on absorptive capacity. Trust, reciprocity and respect have significant positive effect on knowledge sharing. Trust and reciprocity significant positive effect on absorptive capacity, while respect does not have significant effect on absorptive capacity. Finally, knowledge sharing and absorptive capacity have significant positive effect on technical innovation, but no significant effect on non-technical innovation.
