從《荀子》探究臺灣農業發展之環境倫理

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Title:	從《荀子》探究臺灣農業發展之環境倫理
Authors:	范姜美雪;Chiang, Mei-Hsueh Fan
Contributors:	哲學研究所在職專班
Keywords:	農業發展;荀子;環境倫理;生態中心主義;永續發展;Agricultural developments;Xunzi;Environmental ethics;Ecological centralism;Sustainable developments
Date:	2018-07-20
Issue Date:	2018-08-31 14:15:16 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	i 摘要農業是提供糧食及維持人類生計的根本，隨著時代演變，農業發展，在運用勞力及智慧變更了土地的原始面貌之餘，也同時剝奪了其他物種生存的空間及權益。甚至，因為農藥、殺蟲劑、除草劑、肥料等化學物質施用，及農業發展的演進，不僅破壞了生態環境，也危及人類的健康、安全與命脈延續，是此，是不是更應由人類肩負起環境正義的使命，秉持「生態中心主義」的意涵，關懷並尊重自然生態，讓人類與環境能和平共容、永續發展。面對全球暖化、空氣污染、能源枯竭及糧食短缺等問題日趨嚴重，加上對「生命共同體」的認知，推動環境保護的議題備受關注，本文探究台灣農業發展所面臨的難題及以「生態(有機)農業」的方式為解決之道，正是以兼顧環境倫理與生態維護兩者關係為主。本研究以台灣農業發展對於環境衝擊為基底，反思人與自然界的對待關係，及考量生態環境和經濟的互動，試以《荀子》思想解讀人類對待大地的態度，並尋求兼顧人類和大自然的關聯，相互對照東西方哲學思想，共謀「永續發展」契機。關鍵字：農業發展、荀子、環境倫理、生態中心主義、永續發展;Agr icul ture is the foundat ion of providing food and the basic essent ials of maintaining our l ives . Wi th the evolut ion of the t ime , agr icul tural development s have changed the or iginal appearance s of the lands by using product ive labor and wisdom, but at the same t ime these developments have depr ived the space and the r ights of other species to survive. Moreover, as we apply chemical substances such as pest icides, insect icide, herbicides and fer t i l izers to the agr icul tural f ields and wi th the evolut ion of agr icul tural development s, we not only dest roy the ecological envi ronment , but also endanger t h e h uma n b e i n g s ’ h e a l t h , s a f e t y, and cont inuat ion of l i fe. Therefore, we as human beings should take the responsibi l i t ies of the just ice for the envi ronment . We should uphold the meaning of "ecological cent ral ism", care and respect the natural ecology and enable human beings and the envi ronment to cooperate peaceful ly and develop sustainably. In the face of global warming, ai r pol lut ion, energ y deplet ion and food shor tages and also the awareness of the "l i fe communi ty", we should pay more at tent ion to the issues on how to promote envi ronmental protect ion. This research is mainly focused on the problems of agr icul ture developments that we face in Taiwan and the way we solve these problems by “ecological (organic) agr icul ture ” , which is based on the relat ionship between envi ronmental ethics and ecological maintenance. Based on the envi ronmental impact s of agr icul tural development s in Taiwan, this research ref lects on the relat ionship between human and nature and studies the interact ion between the ecological envi ronment and the economy. We t ry to interpret human at t i tudes toward the ear th wi th the idea of "Xunzi" and seek the balance of human beings and the nature. Also, we compare the di fferent phi losophical thoughts be tween Eastern and Western and t ry to f ind the oppor tuni ty for "sustainable development s." Keywords: Agr icul tural development s, Xunzi , Envi ronmental ethics, Ecological cent ral ism, Sustainable development s
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