| 摘要: | 雍正能臣田文鏡之研究
摘要
田文鏡（1662-1732），漢軍正藍旗人，是雍正時期具有舉足輕重的寵臣，更是雍正皇帝改革功不可沒的「模範督撫」。田文鏡以監生入仕在康熙朝任官長達三十餘年，但最終仍是四品官員。但雍正即位後田文鏡升遷迅速，短短近十年依序擔任山西布政使、河南布政使、河南巡撫、河南總督、河南山東總督職務。田文鏡嚴苛、不徇私的作風，正是雍正賞識之處，但卻與官員紳士的利益衝突，成為眾矢之的、惹人嫌怨。
本論文首先介紹田文鏡的家世背景、任官經歷與行事作風，其次論述他在嚴禁陋規
、整飭紳衿、墾荒與自首隱田的卓越施政，最後探究他在火耗歸公、養廉制度、漕運與漕糧、河務治理的出色政績。而田文鏡為了報答雍正的知遇之恩，以身作則、不避嫌怨的全力施政，獲得雍正的全力支持。後人多誇其嚴苛，卻忽略了其忠君、為國、勤政、清廉、節省的優點，實非公允之論。
關鍵字：田文鏡、雍正皇帝、模範總督
;Tian Wenjing- A Prominent Official in Yongzheng’s Reign
Abstract
Tian Wenjing (1662-1732), Han soldier of the Plain Blue Banner, was the Yongzheng Emperor’s favorite official and an influential “Model Principal Governor” during the revolution. Tian Wenjing, schooled in the Imperial Academy, had served Kangxi Emperor for more than thirty years but only achieved an official of the fourth rank. However, as soon as Yongzheng ascended the throne, Tian Wenjing was quickly promoted. Over a decade, he was appointed as administrative commissioner of Shanxi, administrative commissioner of Henan, governor of Henan, Governor-General of Henan, and Governor-General of Henan Shandong. Tian Wenjing, strict and morally upright, was held in very high regard by Yongzheng, yet at the same time had become a target among government officials due to conflict of interest.
This article first introduces Tian Wenjing’s family background, career history and character. Then, it examines his accomplishments in abolishing corrupt practices, reviving gentry morality, reclaiming wasteland, and surrendering hidden property. Finally, the article discusses his achievements in confiscating meltage fees, nourishing honesty by high pay, water transport of grain, and canal construction. To repay Yongzheng’s kindness, Tian Wenjing made himself an example, devoting his life to serving the reign justly which received complete support from Yongzheng. People often criticize Tian Wenjing’s harshness but unfairly overlook his loyalty, patriotism, diligence, honesty, and frugality.
Keywords：Tian Wenjing , Yongzheng Emperor, Model Principal Governor |
