公路交通運輸對於山谷地形郊區空氣品質之影響;Influence of road traffic with air quality in the suburban valley topography

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题名:	公路交通運輸對於山谷地形郊區空氣品質之影響;Influence of road traffic with air quality in the suburban valley topography
作者:	翁穎志;WENG, YING-ZHI
贡献者:	環境工程研究所在職專班
关键词:	空氣品質;交通污染;坪林;山谷地形;Air Quality;Traffic Pollution;Pinglin;Valley Topography
日期:	2018-07-27
上传时间:	2018-08-31 15:08:47 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	本研究將探討公路交通運輸之廢氣污染對於郊區山谷地形空氣品質之關聯性，研究目的包括瞭解近年來後坪林地區空氣品質變化、分別分析平假日空氣污染物濃度、探討坪林地區空氣品質受鄰近區域影響之情形，最後再以分級光化強度探討二次氣膠污染貢獻及特徵。　　由研究結果顯示，2013年至2017年坪林空氣品質站監測結果，氣狀污染物NOx、SO2、CO皆遠低於空氣品質標準，而粒狀污染物TSP、PM10、PM2.5則亦多符合標準，顯示本區空氣品質現況佳。進一步比較NOx及CO濃度，當每日交通量(以下坪林行控中心專用道外車數作為交通量評估指標)為總筆數之前75%時所對應的平均濃度比每日交通量為總筆數之後25%時所對應的平均濃度分別高出約20.0%及4.5%。而由NOx及CO之相關性比較，當相對濕度小於70%時，NOx與CO濃度相關係數r為0.61(R2=0.369)並呈中度相關，然而隨著環境濕度上升，NOx與CO濃度相關係數r隨之降低，推測原因可能為當環境中濕度越高時，NOx中之NO2較CO易溶於水並形成硝酸及亞硝酸，故當相對濕度越低時，NOx與CO二者濃度間之相關性較高。　　在可能受鄰近區域空氣品質影響之評估，比較坪林北側的環保署基隆測站在不同風速下，各項污染物與本測站相關性比較顯示，當基隆測站日平均風速增加時，基隆及坪林兩測站PM10濃度彼此間相關性越高，故推測坪林地區PM10濃度增加除本地交通污染排放導致外，當鄰近區域風速較高時，亦可能帶入位於上風處之污染物進入坪林。　　另外由分級光化強度探討二次氣膠評估結果顯示當6至8月間O3平均濃度(以環保署基隆、汐止、宜蘭測站O3平均為背景)小於40 ppb時，坪林測站所測得之PM10及CO相關性較佳(r=0.64，R2=0.416)，故推測光化學反應所生成之二次氣膠可能亦會增加坪林地區懸浮微粒濃度(PM10、PM2.5)，又以夏季陽光照度高、臭氧濃度高時影響較大。 ;In this study, data collected from Pinglin air quality station are using to investigate the correlation of air pollution from road transport with suburban valley topographic air quality. The research aims include understanding the Pinglin area air quality changes in recent years, analyzing air quality in weekdays and holidays, investigate the air pollution that may influence from neighboring regions and explore on the contribution and characteristics of secondary aerosol pollution by fractional actinic intensity. 　　According to the results from the monitoring of Pinglin air quality station from 2013 to 2017, the gaseous pollutants NOx, SO2, and CO were all far below the air quality standards, while the particulate pollutants TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 were also usually been lower than the standards either, shows that the air quality in the area is in good condition. To further compare NOx and CO concentrations, when the daily traffic volume (using Pinglin interchange car numbers as the traffic assessment indicator ) is in the fourth quartile of all traffic volume, the corresponding average concentration is greater than the daily traffic volume in the first quartile about 20.0% and 4.5% higher. Also, compared with the correlation of NOx and CO, when the relative humidity is less than 70%, the correlation coefficient r of NOx and CO concentration is 0.61 (R2=0.369) and it is moderately correlated. However, as the ambient humidity increases, the correlation coefficient between NOx and CO are getting lower. The decrease in r may be due to the fact that when the humidity in the environment is higher, NO2 in NOx is more soluble in water than CO and forms nitric acid and nitrous acid. Therefore, when the relative humidity is lower, the correlation between the NOx and CO concentrations is higher. 　　Based on the assessment of the air quality that may be affected by the neighboring regions, comparing the EPA′s Keelung air quality station on the north side of Pinglin with different wind speeds, the result shows that when the average daily wind speed at the Keelung station increases, the PM10 concentrations at the two stations in Keelung and Pinglin are more correlated with each other. Therefore, in addition to local traffic pollution emissions, when the wind speed in neighboring areas is high, it may also bring pollutants located in the upwind area into Pinglin. 　　In addition, the secondary aerosol evaluation results from the graded actinic intensity shows that when the average O3 concentration (based on the O3 average of the EPA Keelung, Xizhi, and Yilan stations) is less than 40 ppb from June to August, the correlation between PM10 and CO in Pinglin station is better (r=0.64, R2=0.416), so it is inferred that the secondary aerosol generated by the photochemical reaction may also increase the suspended particulate concentration (PM10, PM2.5) in the Pinglin region. In summer, high sunlight intensity and high ozone concentration may have a greater influence.
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