| 摘要: | 台灣位居微電子產業的世界領導者，特別是在半導體晶圓廠與積體電路設計上。可是針對量子電腦的發展來看，台灣不論是在離子井，超導體，氮缺陷鑽石，或是矽量子點的量子位元研究或製造上，都還是處於非常初始的學術探索階段。目前，在台灣唯一可操控的量子位元就只有光學量子位元。即使自 2002 年後，包含 IBM，Intel，Google，微軟等全球科技大廠都在積極搶奪量子霸權(quantum supremacy)，但是在台灣我們並沒有任何離子井或超導體的事業群。然而，在台灣我們已經有許多以矽材為基礎的產業聚落：特別是在磊晶成長，元件製造，晶片整合/封裝，與 IC 設計公司。近年來，隨著通訊頻寬的快速成長與低耗能的需求，矽光子(silicon photonics)及其相關技術憑藉著以矽基為襯底材料，並結合既有且技術成熟的CMOS技術，已經在被認為在未來可延續摩爾定律，傳承舊有矽晶片的發展。透過積極開發高速與低成本的矽光子積體化技術，台灣產官學業界間已經有可以將各種光傳輸元件製作於矽光子平台的技術。基於矽光子技術為平台，本整合型計畫以 “矽基量子光電晶片Scalable Quantum Photonic Chips on Silicon,” 為主題，預計在五年內整合既有的光電子技術：量子光學位元(單光子源，糾纏光子對，量子噪音壓縮態)，積體化矽光子元件，與光子偵測陣列(單光子雪崩式二極體，平衡式零差偵測器)。透過矽光子線性元件，我們可以透過分光器，干涉儀，定向耦合器，環形共振器，光學開關，頻率調變器等來實現以量測為基礎的量子計算。除了業界已經在發展的各種矽晶片外，本計劃將結合目前台灣學界獨到的單光子產生技術，非線性頻率轉換，半導體雷射，單光子雪崩式二極體來進行矽光子晶片整合。本計劃為單一整合型計畫，由國立中央大學光電系陳彥宏教授領導。預計以 5 年時間完成所規劃得6 項子計畫項目。本計劃的目標為：將目前既有的矽光子製程技術延伸到具有可擴展性的量子晶片上，並且透過多工處理方式，完成具有容錯功能的室溫下量子計算。藉由整合極低損耗的矽光子波導晶片，我們預計可以製造 10 個空間模態，並配合時域多工處理方式，產生 100 個光學量子位元。 ;In Taiwan, we are proud of being the world leader in semiconductor foundry model for microelectronics, with dominant semiconductor manufacturer fabs and lots of integrated circuit design companies. However, for the basic building block of a quantum computer: from Ion trap qubits, superconducting qubits, nitrogen-vacancy center qubits, and silicon qubits, we in Taiwan are all in the very beginning stage. The only available qubits in Taiwan is photonic qubits. Even though since 2002, there are scientific breakthroughs in ion-trap qubits and superconducting qubits, there is no business or company units exist in Taiwan. However, we already have many industrial clusters for silicon-based components: from epitaxial growth, device fabrication, chip-level integration/package, and circuit design house. To resolving rapid growth of transmission bandwidth and lower power consumption, now, Silicon Photonics technology has been in the commercialization stage, as a solution to convert electrical signals to optical signals. In particular, as the semiconductor and photonics worlds are merging rapidly, we have almost a complete industrial-chain for all the solutions for Silicon Photonics in Taiwan.Based on the niche of silicon photonics technologies and semiconductor industries in Taiwan, in this proposal, entitled “Scalable Quantum Photonic Chips on Silicon,” we plan to integrate these enabling technologies, based our expertise on photonic qubits (single photon source, entangled photon pair, squeezed light), integrated optical components based on silicon photonics, and photon detector arrays (single photon avalanche diode, homodyne detector). Based on the KLM scheme, efficient quantum computation can be implement with linear optical devices, which are beam splitter, interferometer, direction coupler, ring-resonator, optical switch, frequency modulator. With Silicon photonics, in Taiwan, we already have all the facilities to fabricate these linear optical devices. Then, with our photonic qubits and single photon avalanche diodes, all the required components can be fabricated on Chip-level. The target is to incorporate our current fabrication technologies into a large-scale quantum system, and to realize multiplexing silicon photonic quantum chips with the ability to perform fault-tolerant quantum computation at room temperature. Through the support of this project, by integrating ultra-low-loss silicon waveguides, we can expect to have 10 spatial modes as qubits, along with multiplexing technology in time-domain, resulting in more than 10x10 = 100 photonic qubits from this project. This is an Integrated research project, led by Prof. Yen-Hung from National Central University. This project contains 6 Sub-Projects, planned for 5 years, from Aug. 2018 to July 2023, with the 6 Sub-Projects:Sub-Project (1): Ultra-low-loss reconfigurable silicon photonics and quantum metrology, co-PI Ray-Kuang Lee, joint-PI: Ming-Chang LeeSub-Project (2): Development of Single photon qubits for Quantum Chips and Quantum Secured Communication, co-PI: Chih-Sung ChuuSub-Project (3): Integrated entangled photon sources and devices, co-PI: Yen-Hung Chen Sub-Project (4): On-Chip Light Source Integrating in Photonic Quantum Chip, co-PI: Po-Tsung Lee, joint-PI: Tien-Chang LuSub-Project (5): Single Photon Avalanche Diodes for Quantum Computing, co-PI: Yi-Shan Lee, joint-PI: Sheng-Di LinSub-Project (6): Fault-tolerant quantum computation, co-PI Hsiao-feng (Francis) Lu, joint-PI: Ching-Yi Lai |
