元曲中的博戲研究;Gambling in Yuanqu

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题名:	元曲中的博戲研究;Gambling in Yuanqu
作者:	莊知儒;Juang, Chih-Ju
贡献者:	中國文學系
关键词:	博戲;賭博;元曲;元雜劇;Gambling games;Gambling;Yuanqu;Yuan zaju
日期:	2019-01-23
上传时间:	2019-04-02 14:12:24 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	博戲為中國歷史文化中重要的民俗娛樂。元曲中有豐富博戲的書寫，元曲用字淺白通俗，比其他文學更貼近民生，故能重塑元代的博戲之樣貌。本論文以《全元散曲》、《元曲選校注》、《全元曲》為研究文本，探討元人的娛樂生活、社交、社會階層、元人的價值觀，以及博戲題材對文學的影響。　　元曲中的博戲種類多樣，表現出元代不同民族的融合。且部份博戲的情節和前人的故事相仿，能加深角色的形象和突出作品主旨。而從曲文中經常可見博戲的場景，能看出博戲作為閒暇時的休閒活動和市場交易的風俗，又是元人節慶聚會和宴會的重頭戲，涵蓋各項社會交際活動。反映當時經濟的發達和賭博風氣興盛、禁令無法貫徹之情形。此外，元曲博戲的書寫，還顯現了該時各個社會階層的分化，能看出人物貧富的身份差距；從女性的進行博戲的類型和進行空間，便可看出為豪門世家女子或為柳巷的妓女，亦可呈現元代男尊女卑的性別觀點；漢人喜好益智類博戲，外族則宣揚競技類的博戲，遊戲態度及動機，展現不同民族的文化特色。思想上，書及博戲的曲子體現了文人及時行樂的隱逸價值觀。在文學上，元曲的體例形式，比先前的文類更容易彰顯賭局的情勢變化；反過看，此類題材增加元曲的表演性，提供故事的懸念與高潮情節。;The gambling is an important folk entertainment in Chinese history and culture. In Yuanqu, there are rich writings in the gambling games. As written in simpler words, the Yuanqu is easier to understand than other literatures. Yuanqu can thus reshape the appearance of the gambling games in the Yuan Dynasty. Based on the texts of Sanqu, Yuan zaju and Nanxi, this thesis investigates the entertainment life, the social intercourse and classes of Yuan’s people as well as the viewpoint of values and the influence of this subject on literature. The variety of the gambling games in Yuanqu shows a variety of ethnic groups being merged in the Yuan Dynasty. From the texts in Yuanqu, we can often see the scenes of the games, the leisure activities and market transactions. The gambling games are also the highlight of Yuan people′s festival parties and banquets, covering various social communication activities. The games reflect the glory of the economic development at that time and the flourishing gambling even prohibited the ban execution. Besides, the writing of gambling in Yuanqu also shows the differentiation of various social classes and the identity gap between the rich and the poor. From the types and spaces of women’s plays, she may be regarded as a wealthy family woman or as a prostitute. The gender perspective of the male and female in the Yuan Dynasty can also be presented. The Han people likes the puzzle gambling. The other foreign peoples promote the competitive gambling games, the gambling attitudes and motivations, and show the cultural orientations of different ethnic groups. Such subjects not only increase the performance of the Yuanqu but also provides suspense and climax plots. In thought, the gambling embodies the values viewpoint of the seclusion life of timely having fun. In literature, the form of Yuanqu is easier to show the situation change of the gambling than the previous genre; on the contrary, such subjects increase the performance of Yuanqu and provide suspense and climax of the story.
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