1941年以前延安盛行著自由、平等、博愛的風氣，然隨著國共關係逐漸惡化，有別於國統區氛圍的平等精神也隨之變化。毛澤東在1941年9月政治局會議上對王明取得重大勝利後，著手進行對全黨的思想改造—「整風運動」。1942年3月31日毛澤東在《解放日報》改版座談會上講話，不指名的批評王實味的《野百合花》，以及王實味在《矢與的》壁報上的文章，5月27日召開的延安中研院座談會漸漸成為批鬥王實味大會，王實味被冠上「托派份子」，從此被監視直到1943年被康生下令逮捕到處死為止，過著長達5年的監禁生活。 這場整風為毛澤東為整肅留蘇的國際派所發動的運動，然而文藝家們卻未意識到毛澤東最深層的想法，肆意的表達他們對延安社會變化上的不滿，因此引發了「王實味事件」。直到1991年正式平反了王實味的「反革命托派奸細份子 」，正式為「王實味事件」畫下句點。王實味作為第一個受到整風運動批判的文藝家，不單成為延安整風的標靶，也是中共直接控制文藝思想的開端，從此文藝開始趨向單一化。 ;Before 1941, Yan’an had been prevailing culture of freedom,equality and fraternity. However, as the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party strained, the spirit of equality that differed from the atmosphere of the District ruled by Kuomintang also changed. After Mao Zedong made a major victory for Wang Ming at the Politburo meeting in September 1941, he began to carry out an ideological transformation of the whole party - "Rectification Movement." On March 31, 1942, Mao Zedong spoke at the forum of the revision of the Liberation Daily. He used the anonymous way to criticize Wang Shiwei′s "Wild Lily" and Wang Shiwei′s article in the "Arrow and target" poster, Yan’an held on May 27. The symposium of the Academia Sinica gradually’s theme became a criticize and struggle Wang. Wang Shiwei was accused of being "the follower of Trotskyism" and was monitored until he was arrested and executed by Kang Sheng in 1943. He lived for five years in prison.
This rectification was a campaign initiated by Mao Zedong for the international group to reinforce the Soviet Union. However, the literary artists did not realize Mao Zedong′s deepest thoughts and expressed their dissatisfaction with the social changes in Yan′an, thus triggering the "Wang Shiwei incident." Until 1991, he officially rehabilitated Wang Shiwei’s "anti-revolutionary and follower of Trotskyism" "Wang Shiwei incident" had been finally end. As the first literary artist to be criticized by the rectification movement, Wang Shiwei not only became the target of Yan′an Rectification, but also the beginning of the CCP′s direct control of literary thought. From then on, the literary art began to be simplistic.
