| 摘要: | 在1950年代解放軍海軍建軍的方向，即以「空、潛、快」兵力結構進行發展，隨時代更迭與中共領導人的更換，解放軍的海軍戰略也隨之調整，不過潛艇部隊的發展卻始終是重中之重，不曾改變。
近年來解放軍海軍轉而積極發展航空母艦及大型水面作戰艦艇，而潛艇部隊的發展自1949年解放軍海軍創建迄今，始終仍是主要的核心研建兵種，隨著解放軍海軍潛艇部隊的快速崛起與壯大，已對區域安全形成潛在威脅。
綜觀解放軍海軍潛艇的發展史，從1954年創建，初期建設完全仰賴蘇聯的軍事援助，之後蘇聯大量的軍事專家抵華，雙方交流密切。1960年中蘇關係惡化，蘇聯撤離駐中國大陸顧問專家後，解放軍海軍進入常規潛艇仿製及自我摸索的研製階段，而難度更高的核潛艇研製工程，則是在自力更生、毫無外援的狀況下研製成功的。後受文化大革命影響，潛艇發展一度幾乎陷入停滯，潛艇戰力未隨時間而有所提升。
1991蘇聯解體，繼承其地位的俄羅斯反而成為1990年代解放軍海軍潛艇部隊現代化的關鍵角色，如今中共已擁有核動力與常規動力潛艇，成為具「核常兼備」雙重作戰手段的區域大國，究竟解放軍海軍潛艇部隊現代化的肇因與策略為何，是什麼關鍵因素造成，而其常規動力潛艇與核動力潛艇兵力的發展沿革又是如何，本文將從歷史發展視角進行深入的探討與研究。;In the 1950s, the direction of the PLA Navy force building focused on the force structure of “Aircraft, Submarine, and Fast boat”. With the time going by and turnover of the PRC leaders, the PLAN strategy also changed. However, the submarine force has always been the primary development in the navy, which never changed over.
In recent years, the PLAN has turned their development to aircraft carriers and large surface combatant ships. However, since the PLAN was established in 1949, submarine construction remained the major core branch of the armed forces for research and study. The fast building and development of the PLAN submarine force has then become a potential threat to the regional security.
Through the developing history of the PLAN submarine force, the initial development since 1954 relied on the Soviet Union’s military assistance. A large number of the Soviet military experts arrived in China and remained close interaction. In 1960, the Sino-Soviet relations went spilt. After the Soviet Union withdrew their consultants from China, the PLAN had entered the phase of conventional submarine replication and self-learning. For the more difficult nuclear submarines’engineering development, it came to success without any foreign assistance. By the influence of the Cultural Revolution, the submarine development was almost stagnant, and its capability was not promoted as well.
The Soviet Union was collapsed in 1991, and Russia became a key role for the PLAN submarine force modernization in the 1990s. Now, the PLA has owned both nuclear and conventional submarines, and transformed to be a great regional power with the dual operational capability of “Both Nuclear and Conventional Submarine Forces”. What are the main reasons and strategy for the modernization of the PLAN submarine forces? What are the key components to make it happen? And what is the major developing path for its nuclear and conventional submarine force structure? This article will explore and study these problems in depth through the angle of developing history. |
