我國宗教法制之研究:以比較法出發

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题名:	我國宗教法制之研究:以比較法出發
作者:	陳柏仁;Cheng, Bo-Ren
贡献者:	法律與政府研究所
关键词:	宗教自由;政教分離;國家中立義務;國家寬容;宗教基本法
日期:	2019-08-26
上传时间:	2019-09-03 14:57:27 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	摘要宗教隨著時代不斷變遷繼續蓬勃發展，其與社會間的連結日趨緊密，與之產生的衝突也日益增加著，如何去調解之間的衝突仍是個無法迴避的問題。如今宗教團體法又再次推出新草案，名稱改為宗教基本法，有著不同過去版本的原則架構，而本文希冀能夠從基本概念的釐清以及從各國宗教法制不同的架構中，去爬梳出一個大致上的輪廓，能夠讓宗教自由內容更加的清晰，對於其團體、行為能夠給予更明確的定義範圍，找到屬於台灣本身的宗教自由內涵，去審視該草案是否有符合該內涵所在。首先著重於宗教相關概念的分析，如宗教定義上的釐清、宗教行為的區分以及我國現行制度下的宗教團體型態，在來介紹各國立法例，從歷史的脈絡去觀察與宗教立法例間的關聯，幫助我們能夠更為清楚的了解到該國立法例與本國宗教歷史間的關係，從而反映出與我國宗教歷史的區別，而本文對於各國立法例間是否有符合我國需求去提供一個參考。本文以宗教歷史沿革去審視與我國宗教歷史發展間最接近的國家，從而決定在後續的法條分析上與日本宗教法人法加以比對，去對於條文間的差異進行分析；另外以政教分離制度去分區四國間的差異，選擇德國立法例中的國家中立義務與國家寬容原則、美國在宗教自由中對於政教分離的判斷基準、英國對於人權公約內國法化之制度與影響，來對於後續草案內容的檢視與分析。最後對於我國宗教立法沿革進行介紹，從中尋找其所欲解決的問題，再對於我國宗教基本法是否能對這些問題進行回答，針對條文中有所疑問的部分進行分析，而將之分為十三點加以個別分析其問題所在，最後對整體架構作出簡要的分析，與可能的立法建議，並以此做結。 ;Abstract Religion continues to flourish with the constant changes of the times. Its connection with society is getting closer and closer, and the conflicts with it are increasing. How to mediate the conflict between religion and society is still an unavoidable problem. Nowadays, the Religious Groups Law has once again introduced a new draft, the name is changed to the Basic Law of Religion, and there are different principles of the past version of the framework, and this paper hopes to be able to climb out from the basic concepts and from the different structures of religious systems in various countries. The outline can make the content of religious freedom more distinct, give a clearer definition of its group and behavior, find the meaning of religious freedom belonging to Taiwan itself, and examine whether the draft conforms to the connotation. First of all, it focuses on the analysis of religious related concepts, such as the clarification of religious definitions, the distinction between religious behaviors, and the types of religious groups in Taiwanese current system. It introduces the legislative cases of various countries, and observes the historical context from the context of religious legislation. Correlation helps us to understand more distinctly the relationship between the country′s legislation and its religious history, thus reflecting the difference from our religious history, and this paper provides a reference for whether there is a need for national legislation to meet the needs of our country. This paper examines the closest country to the development of religious history in Taiwan with the historical evolution of religion, and decides to compare it with the Japanese Religious Juridical Law in the subsequent analysis of the law, to analyze the differences between the laws; To divide the differences between the four countries with separation of church and state, choose the principle of national neutrality and national tolerance in the German legislation, The Judgment of the United States in the separation of church and state, and the British system of legalization of Human Rights Act. View and analysis. Finally, it introduces the evolution of religious legislation in Taiwan, finds the problem that it wants to solve, and then whether it can answer these questions to The Religious Basic Law, and analyzes the part of the law that is questionable, and divides it into 13 points. Individually analyze the problem, and finally make a brief analysis of the overall structure, and possible legislative proposals, and conclude with this. Keywords: freedom of religion, separation of church and state, national neutrality, national tolerance, religious basic law
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