雷達差分干涉是觀測地表變形的有效方法。現行雷達差分干涉技術多用於大範圍地表變形之分析，以地震、斷層活動、火山等地質相關研究為主，隨著衛星科技之發展，雷達影像之地面解析度亦不斷提高，雷達差分干涉之應用遂逐漸被工程界所重視。但是，相較於大範圍與區域性的地表變形觀測，橋樑、高架鐵公路、水壩壩體等工程基礎設及建築物等，由於尺度及其他條件的差異，對於影像之空間精度、目標之測量精度等要求亦不斷提高，方可達到工程體觀測之適用性與可靠性。本計畫將基於現有之雷達影像處理技術，針對工程觀測之應用進行雷達影像處理技術之改良，以期雷達技術之工程應用能逐漸步上軌道，輔助工程基礎設施的長期監測。主要的技術研發將以永久散射體雷達差分干涉為基礎，進行改良與擴充，主要研發內容包括：(1) 永久散射體空間精度之改良；(2) 雷達差分干涉之三維測量方法與流程研發；以及(3) 最小基線差分干涉法之整合改良。本研究除了可精進多時期雷達差分干涉分析的精度與效能外，研究的成果可直接應用於重要橋樑、高鐵、高速與快速道路、水壩、隧道等工程基礎設施以及重要建築物等的長期監測及預警。或者是為重要工程基礎設施災害損傷情況調查等應用提供一個相對經濟但快速且準確的方法。 ;Interferometric SAR (InSAR) analysis is an effective method for detecting and monitoring ground deformation. As the resolution of SAR imagery has significantly improved, it has a great potential to be applied to the long term monitoring of infrastructures and facilities in an engineering scale. However, most of current InSAR algorithms were designed for large-scale or regional observations. They may be not adequate for directly applying to the monitoring and accurate measurement of the subsidence and deformation of small-scale objects, such as bridges, high-speed rails, highways and buildings. This study will improve InSAR algorithms and develop and a systematic approach for monitoring infrastructure objects using time-series space-borne SAR data. The primary research concentrations will be placed on: (1) spatial accuracy improvement of persistent scatterers localization (orthorectification); (2) three dimensional deformation and displacement measurement using Differential InSAR analysis; and (3) integration and improvement of Small Baseline SAR Interferometry. The outcome of this study will not only improve the accuracy and performance of multi-temporal DInSAR analyses, but also provide a relatively economic alternative for the long-term monitoring of infrastructures, such as bridges, high-speed rails, highways, tunnels, dams and important buildings.
