蒸發散及降雨對森林與草地之水文循環特徵研究( I );Studying Effects of Evapotranspiration and Precipitation on Hydrological Cycles of Forest and Grassland( I )( I )

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題名:	蒸發散及降雨對森林與草地之水文循環特徵研究( I );Studying Effects of Evapotranspiration and Precipitation on Hydrological Cycles of Forest and Grassland( I )( I )
作者:	李明旭;陳奕穎;許少瑜;王聖翔
貢獻者:	國立中央大學水文與海洋科學研究所
關鍵詞:	蒸發散;降雨入滲;水文循環;草地;森林;Evapotranspiration;rainfall infiltration;hydrological cycles;grassland;forest
日期:	2020-01-13
上傳時間:	2020-01-13 14:15:07 (UTC+8)
出版者:	科技部
摘要:	蒸發散與降雨入滲是地球水文循環的重要通量，不僅是陸表與大氣間重要的水交換機制，也影響地球關鍵區功能與人類用水需求，而其變動特徵除受大氣條件影響外也與地表覆蓋狀態及水文地質條件有關。從陸氣間能量交換觀點，蒸發散反應的是陸氣間的潛熱能量交換，在陸表能量平衡中，透過潛熱通量與可感熱通量來分攤可用之淨輻射能量，因此森林除了碳吸存功能外，也因為蒸發散有利於降低地表溫度而扮演著減緩暖化的重要功能。本計畫延續前期規劃，提出第二階段三年期研究構想，本階段以蓮華池森林試驗基地為主，並持續維持前一階段草地試驗基地運作。第一年規劃進行森林實際蒸發散量之跨時間尺度探討，主要研究議題包含：(1)測試互補理論推估森林實際蒸發散量之跨時間尺度成效、(2)解析森林蒸發散與土壤含水量變動特性、(3)建立森林渦流協變法碳通量補遺方法、(4)建置與驗證森林陸表過程模式。第二年規劃進行森林降雨入滲之跨時間尺度探討，主要研究議題包含：(1)解析降雨入滲過程森林土壤含水量變動特性分析、(2)釐清降雨入滲對森林集水區地下水位變動特性分析、(3)改進陸表過程模式對森林與大氣間水、能量與碳交換機制描述、(4)森林集水區水文循環特徵分析。第三年為綜整比較蒸發散與降雨對森林與草地之水文循環動力特徵，包含(1)草地與森林因不同地表粗糙度之蒸發散特性差異比較、(2)降雨入滲過程因草地與森林不同地表覆蓋之水文循環特徵差異、(3)不同時間尺度與氣象條件下蒸發散與降雨對草地與森林水文循環動態特徵、(4)並初步篩選合適河岸帶試驗基地為第三階段研究規劃做準備。在國際合作部分，除蓮華池通量站長期為亞洲通量協會與國際通量組織測站外，目前也將二處試驗基地加入國際關鍵區研究網絡，未來三年將積極建立國際合作團隊形成，並分享觀測資料給國內外相關研究團隊。本計畫預期成果為透過現場觀測、分析比較與模擬釐清從事件到季節性尺度下蒸發散與降雨入滲在森林與草地水文循環特徵，對未來陸表過程模式或集水區水文模式在處理大氣降水入滲、地表水、土壤水與地下水間之交換機制與陸氣能量平衡提供重要科學佐證，不僅是水文科學重要議題，在應用層面也是面對氣候變遷、水資源管理與土地利用管理等所需之重要科學知識依據。 ;Evapotranspiration (ET) and rainfall infiltration (RI) are important fluxes of Earth hydrological cycles. Both are critical to water exchanges between land and atmosphere to affect Earth critical zone’s services and water resources, and their dynamics are affected by atmospheric conditions, land cover types, and hydrogeology characteristics. In view of energy exchanges between land and atmosphere, ET represents latent heat fluxes along with sensible het fluxes to balance surface available energy. Therefore forest plays a role in addition to provide functions of carbon sequestrations, but also to reduce global warming due to capable of lowering surface temperature via ET. Based on our long-term research planning, this study proposes the second phase plan with three-year of action themes mainly on the Lien-Hua-Chih (LHC) hydrometeorological site with continuing operation of the grassland site. Objectives of the first year study are to investigate forest ET variations with different temporal scales. Major tasks include: (1) testing skills of complimentary theory on estimating forest ET with different temporal scale; (2) analyzing effects of forest ET on soil moisture variations; (3) developing gap-filling models for eddy variance carbon fluxes; (4) calibrating and validating land surface models for forest. Objectives of the second year study are to investigate forest RI variations with different temporal scales. Major tasks include: (1) analyzing effects of RI on soil moisture variations with surface covered by forests; (2) investigating contributions of RI to groundwater variations with surface covered by forests; (3) improving water, energy, and carbon exchanges mechanisms described by land surface models; (4) analyzing characteristics of forest hydrological cycles. Objectives of the third year study are to compare hydrological characteristics and variations between forest and grassland due to ET and RI. Major tasks include: (1) comparing variations of ET dynamics between forest and grassland due to different surface roughness; (2) analyzing variations of RI dynamics between forest and grassland due to different land covers; (3) investigating characteristics of hydrological cycles between forest and grassland due to different land cover and weather conditions under different temporal scales; (4) preliminary selecting of riparian test site for the third phase research theme. To promote international collaborations, the LHC has been recognized by the AsiaFlux in Asian region and the global FLUXNET. Both grassland site (NAHOs) and LHC Flux site have been registered as sites of international Critical Zone Exploration Network. During the second phase study, we will try to build up international collaborations and share our data to both domestic and international communities. The expected contributions of the second phase study is to provide solid scientific supports for solving complicated water, energy, and carbon interactions between land and atmosphere based on field observations, analyzing, and simulations tasks. On the practical aspects, outcomes of this study will provide critical knowledge to support decision making on facing challenges by climate change, water resources management, and land use management.
關聯:	財團法人國家實驗研究院科技政策研究與資訊中心
顯示於類別:	[水文與海洋科學研究所] 研究計畫

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