| 摘要: | 近年來工作者對於職場上安全衛生觀念意識提高，促使事業單位重視職場安全衛生管理，即便符合政府法令規定前提下，國內職業災害事故率仍然未能有效降低。依職業安全衛生法第23條及職業安全衛生管理辦法第79條，雇主應依其事業單位之規模、性質，實施安全衛生管理及自動檢查。藉由定期主動檢查安全衛生事項，發現作業場所之不安全環境、機械、設備、器具、作業程序與人員不安全行為等危害，期能增加工作場所之安全與降低職災發生率。物流倉儲公司現行自動檢查稽核人員排班規劃，以往大都由決策者考量稽核人員之人數、專責業務及專業背景等因素進行編組，個人的經驗指派，缺乏系統化、科學化之調派依據，往往無形中造成人力指派不公平、耗費時間及任務完成偏低等缺點。
本研究係應用最佳化理論進行稽核人員排班作業，考量指派時所需之個別要求及限制條件設定，利用0-1整數規劃方法，建構整數規劃模式，運用LINGO 12.0作業研究軟體規劃，搭配Microsoft Excel 2016版試算表作為分析工具進行求解，試以相對限制條件下以各組專責人員稽核次數差之加總最小為目標，期能減輕基層人員工作負荷，並達到人員指派公平合理的目的。為評估本研究模式之實用性，遂進行範例測試、敏感度及方案分析，測試分析結果良好。與人工經驗指派結果相互分析，得驗證本研究模式能迅速得到解決方案，且節省規劃編組人員作業時間，提升工作效率、縮小差異次數及公平性。經進行敏感度分析與方案分析，本研究模式具有穩定度和可靠度，實際應用性可依現況作參數調整，可作決策者進行稽核人員排班編組及指派之參考。;In recent years, workers have improved their awareness of safety and health in the workplace, prompting business entities to pay attention to safety and health management in the workplace. Even under the premise of complying with the requirements of government laws and regulations, the occupational accident rate in Taiwan has not been effectively reduced. According to Article 23 of Occupational Safety and Health Act, and Article 79 of Regulations for Governing Occupational Safety and Health, employers shall formulate a safety and health management plan based on the scale and characteristics of their business entities, and shall implement safety and health management and self-inspections. Through regular and active inspection of safety and health matters, the unsafe environment, machinery, equipments, appliances, operating procedures, unsafe behavior of personnel and other hazards in the workplace are expected to be found to increase the safety and reduce the occupational accidents in the workplace. Logistics warehousing company currently conducts self-inspection of auditors shift scheduling plan; however, the factors such as the number of auditors, the specifically responsible business and the professional background were mostly considered by the decision makers in the past, which the lack of a systematic and scientific basis for assignment often leads to unfairness in human assignment, time consuming, low task completion and other shortcomings.
This study applies the optimization theory to the shift scheduling of auditors, considering the individual requirements and constraints required for assignment to constructs the integer programming model by using the 0-1 integer programming method, and applying the LINGO 12.0 operation research software programming to match Microsoft Excel 2016 as the analysis tool for the solution, trying to set a goal to minimize the sum of the differences in the distribution interval of assignment times in each group under relatively limited conditions, so as to reduce the workload of the grass-roots staffs and achieve the goal of fairness and reasonableness in personnel assignment. In order to evaluate the practicability of this research model, the sample test, sensitivity and project analysis were carried out for satisfactory results. Through mutual analysis with the results of human experience assignment, it can be verified that this research model can quickly get a solution, save time for the planning of grouped personnel work time, improve work efficiency and reduce the number of differences and fairness. Sensitivity analysis has stability and reliability. The project analysis has application and practical application, which can be used as a reference for decision makers to arrange shift scheduling and assign auditors. |
