| 摘要: | 土方開挖清運作業為工程中普遍存在的必要工項之一，因其於作業中普遍存在，現場工程人員對該作業皆有一定程度之瞭解，實施當土方開挖清運作業時，多以過往經驗決定其機具調派。而土方開挖清運作業時，若其土方之成分比例被判定為有價土石方，其土方開挖之後可出售，降低其作業總成本。而當土方內含有有價卵礫石，但其土方成分比例不被判定為有價土石方時，若將額外實行篩分作業將卵礫石與土方分離，其有價卵礫石可分別載運並且出售，仍可降低作業總成本。額外篩分作業之施工時程管控、營建機具配置、開挖成本與售出卵礫石之效益，由於各項因子之間互相影響，使用人力規劃難以進行最佳配置，如何以最低成本完成，乃是工程單位主要努力的目標。
爰此，本研究利用整數規劃方式建立機械車輛與工作分配最佳化模式，使用LINGO 17.0套裝數學規劃軟體，配合Microsoft 365 Excel試算表作為分析工具進行求解。本研究以某土方清運工程做為範例測試，與人工指派相比，本研究模式有效率求得更低成本，其敏感度分析顯示本研究具有穩定性和可靠性，可提供決策者作為判斷依據。
;Earthwork excavation, collection and disposal are one of the necessary works in the project. Because the work is almost universal in the operation, on-site engineering personnel have a certain degree of understanding. In the operation of earthwork excavation, collection and disposal, most of the machines dispatch is based on the past experience. In the operation of earthwork excavation, collection and disposal, if the proportion of earthwork is determined to be valuable, it can be sold to reduce the total operating cost after excavation. When the earthwork contains valuable gravel-cobble but the proportion of earthwork is not determined as valuable earthwork, the valuable gravel-cobble that is carried out to separate from earthwork in the additional screening operation can be transported and sold separately for the reduction of total operation cost. Due to the mutual influence of various factors on the construction schedule control, construction machines configuration, excavation cost and the benefit of selling gravel-cobble in the additional screening operation, it is difficult to use manpower planning for the optimal configuration, so that, how to complete with the lowest cost is the main goal of the engineering unit to strive for.
Accordingly, this study used integer programming method to establish the optimal model of mechanical vehicles and work allocation. LINGO17.0 mathematical programming software package was used to match Microsoft 365 Excel as an analysis tool for the solution. In this study, an earthwork collection and disposal is used as a sample test. Compared with manpower assignment, this study model is efficient for lower cost, and its sensitivity analysis shows that this study has stability and reliability, which can provide decision makers as a judgment basis. |
