| 摘要: | 本篇論文以沈從文小說中的殘疾人物作為切入點，藉由探討作者如何透過書寫殘疾人物嘗試回扣自身對於民族認同的價值觀傾向。沈從文以描寫湘西苗鄉的鄉土文學著稱，善於結合當地民間素材及方言作為書寫材料。在作品中除了蘊含大量的民族性質外，也結合許多關於人性、神性的心理描述及環境擬構。但卻極少人注意到，在文本中殘疾人物的意象也隱性地扣合著作者本身身份認同的分裂。透過身體或心理上的「殘疾」狀態，更能理解「缺陷」此一符碼意義背後是否正指向著對「整體」的失落與深刻欲求。沈從文的小說作品中時常充斥著城鄉、苗漢、雅俗或文明與自然等二元對立的相關痕跡，小說人物的身心狀態雖同樣成為隱性的衝突場域，卻並非純然對立，人物在文本中所展現的動機意向，及其與缺陷的抗衡、化解的方法與結果，都具有更深刻的討論意義。
本文分為五個章節，第一章為緒論，分別描述研究動機及目的，列舉台灣、中國及海內外眾多與沈從文相關之學術研究，作簡要的剖析及概況介紹。最後說明本文將所運用的研究方法及範圍。
第二章則先針對五四時期的其他作家，在文本中運用殘疾人物的書寫模式做一梳理，尋找當時代對於「殘疾」的相關見解及文本運用，嘗試考察作家們背後的使用意圖，佐以沈從文於湘西地區的成長背景及經驗進行探討，以此切入，試圖完整探究沈從文日後的寫作心態及價值觀點，並運用敘事心理學及民族學理論解構其複雜之民族意向。
第三、四章為本文主要論述環節，透過解析文本中的殘疾人物，將之區分為「身體殘疾」、「生理疾病」與「精神殘疾」，並在此三種類項中再加以細分「原生」、「後天外在因導」及「神秘因導」三大類別，後結合東西方文學敘事學與部分敘事心理學交叉分析文本中角色的意向及型態，嘗試論述作者的敘寫模式及使用意圖，藉此加以論證，沈從文因民族認同所延伸的自我分裂與整合狀態如何展演於文本之中。
第五章作為本文之結論，將統合前文所述，提出沈從文是否藉由文本中的殘疾人物角色，作為內在民族焦慮的展演場域，與其覺察自我身份認同的分裂與整合之重要渠道。
;Abstract
This thesis takes the disabled roles in Shen Congwen′s novels as an point and explores how the author tries to review his own values of national identity through writing the disabled roles. Shen Congwen is known for describing the local literature of Miao culture in Xiangxi, and he is good at combining local folk materials and dialects as writing materials. In addition to containing a lot of national nature in his works, it also combines many psychological descriptions of human nature, divine nature, and environmental fiction. However, few people have noticed that the images of the disabled in the text also implicitly tie in with the author′s own identity. Through the physical or psychological disability state, we can better understand whether the meaning behind the symbol of "defect" is pointing to the loss and deep desire for the "entirety". Shen Congwen’s novels are full of traces of the dual opposition between urban and rural, Miao and Han, elegance and vulgarity, or civilization and nature. Although the physical and mental states of the roles in the novel have also become a hidden conflict field, they are not the antithesis. The characters are in the text who displayed motivations and intentions, as well as the countermeasures against defects, the methods and results of resolving them, have a deeper discussion significance.
This article is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is an introduction. It describes the motivation and purpose of the research respectively. It lists academic studies related to Shen Congwen in Taiwan, China, and abroad, and provides a brief analysis and general introduction. Finally, the research method and the scope of this article will be explained.
The second chapter first focuses on other writers in the May 4th Movement period, using the writing mode of disabled objects in the text to sort out the relevant insights and textual use of "disability" in the era and try to examine the intention behind the writers. Shen Congwen’s growth background and experience in the Xiangxi region are used to explore, and to try to fully explore Shen Congwen’s future writing mentality and value viewpoints, and use narrative psychology and ethnological theories to deconstruct his complex national intentions.
The third and fourth chapters are the main discussion links of this article. By analyzing the disabled roles in the text, they are divided into "physical disabilities", "physical diseases" and "mental disabilities", and the three categories are further subdivided into "primitive" The three categories of "Houtian External Causes" and "Mystical Causes", combined with Eastern and Western literary narratology and part of narrative psychology to cross-analyze the intentions and patterns of characters in the text, and try to discuss the author’s narrative mode and the intention of use is used to demonstrate how Shen Congwen′s self-division and integration state extended by national identity is displayed in the text.
Chapter 5, as the conclusion of this article, will unify the previous article, and propose whether Shen Congwen uses the role of the disabled in the text as an area for internal national anxiety, and an important way to perceive the division and integration of self-identity. |
